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Grain --- Crop yield. --- Yields.

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This paper revisits the decades-old puzzle of the inverse plot-size productivity relationship, which states that land productivity decreases as plot size increases. Existing empirical studies on the inverse plot-size productivity relationship define land productivity or yields as self-reported production divided by plot size. This paper considers an alternative approach to estimating yields based on crop cuts. The crop-cut method entails measuring and harvesting randomly selected subplots by trained technicians, and is recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization for the accurate measurement of crop production. Using data representative of rural Ethiopia, the analysis indicates that the inverse relationship is strong when based on self-reported production, but disappears when based on crop-cut estimates. The inference from these findings is that the inverse relationship is an artifact of systematic overreporting of production by farmers on small plots, and underreporting on larger plots. The paper also discusses how rejecting the inverse plot-size productivity relationship has significant implications for the inverse farm-size productivity relationship.

Agricultural Productivity --- Crop Yields --- Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys On Agriculture --- Lsms-Isa --- Plot Size

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Crop insurance --- Specialty crops --- Crop losses --- Crop yields --- Farmers --- Risk management --- Losses --- Economic aspects --- Services for --- Law and legislation --- Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (U.S.) --- United States.

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The current state of knowledge on climate change and water points to predominantly negative effects. This paper reviews the literature on these effects by geographical region and notes the differences as well as the uncertainties. An important feature is the fact that the climate effects will occur on top of water scarcity that currently prevails in many parts of the world. The impact of climate change on scarcity is present but generally small compared to the impact of the socioeconomic factors. Changes in efficiency of water use could make a big contribution to water problems, including those caused by climate change. In-depth estimates of damages from climate change related to water have been made to 2060 and, less accurately, to 2100. The 2060 estimates indicate that the impacts from water supply changes or changes in water-related extreme events and marine flows add up to about 1.5 of GDP in 2060 in the absence of mitigation or adaptation. This average figure, however, may be an underestimate of a number of reasons. Estimates to 2100 of potential damages in economic terms are even more uncertain but there are strong reasons to believe they will be greater as a percentage of GDP, perhaps around 10 globally and possibly even higher. Adaptation can make a major contribution to reducing damages from climate change for all mitigation scenarios, and more so when mitigation is absent or limited. Adaptation will require both private and public actions.

Adaptation to Climate Change --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Environment --- Climate Change Impacts --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Crop Yields --- Environment --- Environment and Natural Resource Management --- Rainfall --- Runoff --- Water Resource Management --- Water Resources Management --- Water Supply

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"As the era of thriving small-scale fishing communities continues to wane, Fiona McCormack opens a window into contemporary fisheries quota systems and explores how neoliberalism has become entangled with our approach to environmental management. Grounded in fieldwork and participant observation in New Zealand, Iceland, Ireland, and Hawaii, Private Oceans offers a comparative analysis of the processes of privatization in ecosystem services and traces how value has been repositioned in the market away from productive activities, ultimately causing broad collapse of fishing communities worldwide"-- Publisher description.

Fisheries --- Sustainable fisheries --- Individual fishing quotas --- Marine ecology --- #SBIB:39A4 --- Fishery economics --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Fisherman's quotas, Individual --- Fishing quota programs, Individual --- Fishing quotas, Individual --- IFQ programs (Fisheries) --- IFQs (Fishing quotas) --- Individual fisherman's quotas --- Individual fishing quota programs --- Individual quotas (Fisheries) --- IQs (Fishing quotas) --- Quota programs, Individual fishing --- Quotas, Individual fishing --- Fisheries productivity, Maintenance of long-term --- Fishery yields, Sustainable --- Long-term fisheries productivity, Maintenance of --- Maintenance of long-term fisheries productivity --- Sustainable fishery yields --- Coastal fisheries --- Commercial fisheries --- Commercial fishing industry --- Farms, Fish --- Fish farms --- Fishery industry --- Fishery methods --- Fishing industry --- Freshwater fisheries --- Inland fisheries --- Large-scale fisheries --- Marine fisheries --- Marine recreational fisheries --- Recreational fisheries --- Sea fisheries --- Sea fishing industry --- Sport fisheries --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- Toegepaste antropologie --- Ecology --- Aquatic ecology --- Sustainable aquaculture --- Overfishing --- Aquaculture --- Wildlife utilization --- Fishery sciences --- Fishes --- Limited entry licenses --- PRIVATISATION OF ECOSYSTEMS -- 339.2