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Although the topic of animal personality has recently generated much interest, the role of development is little understood. This collection of papers deals with the development of animal personality. Topics include the roles of genetic effects, maternal effects, social partners, predation and parasitism risk, and environmental complexity in the development of personality, the effects of personality on survival, and the development of collective personality and movement as a driver of personality development. The organisms covered include insects, spiders, fishes, and birds. This volume illustrates the diversity of approaches that have shed light on the development of animal personality in the past several years.

Exploratory Behavior --- environmental enrichment --- development --- Social carry-over effects --- Pace of life --- animal personality --- Parasites --- Boldness --- Bayesian Models --- Immune challenges

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Recent years have brought new insights to the understanding of Parkinson’s disease, impact of exercise and sound displays in rehabilitation and movement facilitation. There is growing evidence that auditory signals in the environment can provide a temporal template for movement and change the mode of motor control from intrinsic to extrinsic; habitual to goal-directed, enabling enhanced motor performance in patients. In addition, forced exercise rate studies show that exercising at the pace of healthy adults can have potential neuroprotective benefits for patients. Many research groups have explored the use of auditory cues (such as rhythmical auditory training) in improving gait and upper limb movement parameters. Cues are usually either intermittent (metronome) or continuous (dynamic sound displays). Similarly, dance based interventions suggest that patients benefit from additional sensory information (i.e. the temporal structure embedded in music and proprioceptive information from a dancing partner) that facilities movement. On the contrary, studies dedicated to auditory perception and motor timing report an impaired ability of patients to perceive and synchronise with complex rhythmical structures (i.e. causing an inability to play musical instruments). With the growth of modern technology and the increasing portability of hi-specification devices (such as smart phones), new research questions on the design of interventions are beginning to emerge as we strive for more efficient therapeutic approaches. In this Research Topic we wanted to bring together top scientists from the movement disorder, motor control and sound related studies along with therapists. That way, we can engage in cross-disciplinary and challenging scientific debate about future rehabilitation avenues and frontiers for Parkinson’s disease patients.

Parkinson's disease --- extrinsic and intrinsic motor control --- Ras --- timing --- Music Therapy --- Dance Therapy --- Cueing --- Perception-Action Coupling --- forced-pace exercise

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Recent years have brought new insights to the understanding of Parkinson’s disease, impact of exercise and sound displays in rehabilitation and movement facilitation. There is growing evidence that auditory signals in the environment can provide a temporal template for movement and change the mode of motor control from intrinsic to extrinsic; habitual to goal-directed, enabling enhanced motor performance in patients. In addition, forced exercise rate studies show that exercising at the pace of healthy adults can have potential neuroprotective benefits for patients. Many research groups have explored the use of auditory cues (such as rhythmical auditory training) in improving gait and upper limb movement parameters. Cues are usually either intermittent (metronome) or continuous (dynamic sound displays). Similarly, dance based interventions suggest that patients benefit from additional sensory information (i.e. the temporal structure embedded in music and proprioceptive information from a dancing partner) that facilities movement. On the contrary, studies dedicated to auditory perception and motor timing report an impaired ability of patients to perceive and synchronise with complex rhythmical structures (i.e. causing an inability to play musical instruments). With the growth of modern technology and the increasing portability of hi-specification devices (such as smart phones), new research questions on the design of interventions are beginning to emerge as we strive for more efficient therapeutic approaches. In this Research Topic we wanted to bring together top scientists from the movement disorder, motor control and sound related studies along with therapists. That way, we can engage in cross-disciplinary and challenging scientific debate about future rehabilitation avenues and frontiers for Parkinson’s disease patients.

Parkinson's disease --- extrinsic and intrinsic motor control --- Ras --- timing --- Music Therapy --- Dance Therapy --- Cueing --- Perception-Action Coupling --- forced-pace exercise --- Parkinson's disease --- extrinsic and intrinsic motor control --- Ras --- timing --- Music Therapy --- Dance Therapy --- Cueing --- Perception-Action Coupling --- forced-pace exercise

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arbitrage --- arbitration --- Négociation --- litiges --- dispute settlement --- power to negotiate --- jednací pravomoc --- derybų įgaliojimai --- rokovacia právomoc --- kompetencë për të negociuar --- neuvotteluvaltuus --- potere di negoziazione --- förhandlingsbefogenhet --- pooblastilo za pogajanje --- forhandlingsbeføjelse --- надлежност за преговарање --- Verhandlungsbefugnis --- onderhandelingsbevoegdheid --- poder de negociação --- tiesības piedalīties sarunās --- putere de a negocia --- правомощия за преговаряне --- setgħa li jinnegozja/tinnegozja --- овлашћење за преговарање --- pravo pregovaranja --- tárgyalási felhatalmazás --- läbirääkimisõigus --- pouvoir de négociation --- kompetencje do negocjowania --- poder de negociación --- διαπραγματευτική εξουσία --- potere di trattativa --- право за водење преговори --- derybinė galia --- овластување за преговарање --- potere negoziale --- ovlaštenje za pregovaranje --- vyjednávací pravomoc --- putere de negociere --- riżoluzzjoni ta' tilwimiet --- διευθέτηση των διαφορών --- domstarpību izšķiršana --- решавање спорова --- riitojen ratkaiseminen --- regulowanie sporów --- composizione delle controversie --- zgjidhje e mosmarrëveshjeve --- solución de conflictos --- ginčų sprendimas --- Beilegung der Streitigkeiten --- vaidluste lahendamine --- beslechting van geschillen --- řešení sporů --- bilæggelse af tvister --- reševanje sporov --- vitarendezés --- urovnávanie sporov --- règlement des différends --- решавање спорови --- soluționarea conflictelor --- rješavanje sporova --- tvistlösning --- уреждане на спорове --- resolução de diferendos --- διευθέτηση διενέξεων --- уреждане на конфликти --- arreglo de controversias --- konflikta atrisināšana --- soluzione dei conflitti --- mirovna pogajanja --- negocieri de pace --- reglementarea conflictelor --- mírová jednání --- selkkausten ratkaiseminen --- conflict resolution --- résolution des conflits --- resolução de conflitos --- konfliktlösning --- решавање спорови по вонсудски пат --- мировни преговори --- risoluzione delle controversie --- мирни преговори --- reševanje konfliktov --- mirovni pregovori --- vredesonderhandeling --- konfliktide lahendamine --- rešitev sporov --- konfliktbilæggelse --- fredsförhandlingar --- rozstrzyganie sporów --- miera sarunas --- tvistbilæggelse --- riżoluzzjoni ta' kunflitti --- mírové řešení sporů --- peace negotiations --- risoluzione dei conflitti --- resolución de litigios --- urovnávanie konfliktov --- Lösung der Konflikte --- разрешаване на конфликти --- решавање спорови по судски пат --- mírové urovnání sporů --- rahuläbirääkimised --- reglementarea diferendelor --- conflict settlement --- urovnání sporů --- negocjacje pokojowe --- решавање конфликти --- oplossing van conflicten --- mierové rokovania --- Friedensverhandlung --- negoziato di pace --- Beilegung der Konflikte --- rauhanneuvottelut --- konfliktusrendezés --- konfliktuskezelés --- konflikta izlīdzināšana --- béketárgyalások --- negozjati ta' paċi --- negociação de paz --- negociación de paz --- erimielisyyksien ratkaiseminen --- konfliktų sprendimas --- règlement des conflits --- taikos derybos --- επίλυση διαμάχης --- riešenie konfliktov --- ειρηνευτικές διαπραγματεύσεις --- zgjidhje e mosmarrëveshjes --- negociata për paqe --- fredsforhandling --- rozwiązywanie konfliktów --- zgjidhje e konfliktit --- négociation de paix --- помирение --- arbitraggio --- arbitraje --- rozhodčí řízení --- választottbíráskodás --- arbitraj --- arbitrazh (proces gjyqësor) --- Streitschlichtung --- arbitragem --- skiljeförfarande --- zmierčie konanie --- vahekohtumenetlus --- arbitraža --- izskatīšana šķīrējtiesā --- arbitražas --- arbitraġġ --- διαιτησία --- arbitraż --- voldgift --- välimiesmenettely --- арбитража --- решавање спорови со арбитража --- scheidsrechterlijke procedure --- arbitráž --- επιδιαιτησία --- решавање спорови по пат на арбитража --- geschillencommissie --- smírčí řízení --- arbitražni postupak --- dohoda v rozhodčím řízení --- választottbírósági eljárás --- Dispute resolution (Law) --- ADR (Dispute resolution) --- Alternative dispute resolution --- Appropriate dispute resolution --- Collaborative law --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute processing --- Dispute settlement --- Justice, Administration of --- Mediation --- Neighborhood justice centers --- Third parties (Law)

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Overheidsinstanties grijpen diep in ons leven in. Uiteraard leidt dit af en toe tot conflicten. Denk maar aan grote dossiers, zoals Uplace. Maar even goed gaat het om tal van kleine zaken die zelden de pers halen, zoals het aanvechten van een benoeming of een vergunning, een schadegeval, een tuchtzaak. Hoe kunnen conflicten met de overheid worden opgelost zonder naar de rechter te stappen? Dit boek geeft een antwoord op die vraag.-Voor ons land het eerste omvattend handboek over alternatieve conflictoplossing (ADR) in de bestuurlijke sector.-Theoretische inzichten worden verweven met tal van praktische tools en voorbeelden.-Helder overzicht van de diverse vormen van ADR: onderhandelen, bemiddelen, minnelijke schikking, de verzoenende rol van deskundigen, ?-Praktische toepassing van ADR op de verschillende domeinen van het overheidsoptreden: leefmilieu, onderwijs, personeelsconflicten,?-Multidisciplinaire insteek. De juridische aspecten van ADR worden samen gebracht met inzichten omtrent conflicten, communicatie, onderhandelen, enz.

Law of civil procedure --- Administrative law --- Belgium --- staatsorganisatie --- administratief recht --- conflits --- V06 Droit administratif - Administratief recht --- BPB1802 --- Code administratif --- Médiateur --- Règlement des différends --- Droit administratif --- organisation de l'etat --- droit administratif --- geschillen --- Administratief wetboek --- Bemiddelaar --- Beslechting van geschillen --- Bestuursrecht --- Droit administratif Administratief recht --- Relations administration-citoyen Betrekkingen tussen overheid en burgers --- Résolution des conflits Conflicthantering --- Réclamations (procédure administrative) --- Relations administration-usagers --- Information des administrés --- Règlement de conflits --- Droit et État --- Droit --- Droit et État. --- Droit administratif. --- Droit. --- Staatsorganisatie. --- Administratief recht. --- Geschillen. --- E-books --- Overheid --- Conflicten --- Communicatie --- Informatie --- Belangenbehartiging --- Overleg --- Teamwerk --- Onderhandelen --- Bemiddeling --- Ombudsdiensten --- Participatie --- Burgerparticipatie --- Arbitrage --- Woonomgeving --- Personeelsmanagement --- Onderwijs --- Lokaal beleid --- forvaltningsret --- hallinto-oikeus --- Verwaltungsrecht --- Derecho administrativo --- haldusõigus --- e drejtë administrative --- direito administrativo --- správní právo --- diritto amministrativo --- διοικητικό δίκαιο --- административно право --- upravno pravo --- förvaltningsrätt --- drept administrativ --- správne právo --- administracinė teisė --- управно право --- bestuursrecht --- prawo administracyjne --- administrative law --- közigazgatási jog --- liġi amminisitrattiva --- administratīvās tiesības --- administrativní právo --- államigazgatási jog --- riżoluzzjoni ta' tilwimiet --- διευθέτηση των διαφορών --- domstarpību izšķiršana --- решавање спорова --- riitojen ratkaiseminen --- regulowanie sporów --- composizione delle controversie --- settlement of disputes --- zgjidhje e mosmarrëveshjeve --- solución de conflictos --- ginčų sprendimas --- Beilegung der Streitigkeiten --- vaidluste lahendamine --- beslechting van geschillen --- řešení sporů --- bilæggelse af tvister --- reševanje sporov --- vitarendezés --- urovnávanie sporov --- решавање спорови --- soluționarea conflictelor --- rješavanje sporova --- tvistlösning --- уреждане на спорове --- resolução de diferendos --- διευθέτηση διενέξεων --- dispute settlement --- уреждане на конфликти --- arreglo de controversias --- konflikta atrisināšana --- soluzione dei conflitti --- mirovna pogajanja --- negocieri de pace --- reglementarea conflictelor --- mírová jednání --- selkkausten ratkaiseminen --- conflict resolution --- résolution des conflits --- resolução de conflitos --- konfliktlösning --- решавање спорови по вонсудски пат --- мировни преговори --- risoluzione delle controversie --- мирни преговори --- reševanje konfliktov --- mirovni pregovori --- vredesonderhandeling --- konfliktide lahendamine --- rešitev sporov --- konfliktbilæggelse --- fredsförhandlingar --- rozstrzyganie sporów --- miera sarunas --- tvistbilæggelse --- riżoluzzjoni ta' kunflitti --- mírové řešení sporů --- peace negotiations --- risoluzione dei conflitti --- resolución de litigios --- urovnávanie konfliktov --- Lösung der Konflikte --- разрешаване на конфликти --- решавање спорови по судски пат --- mírové urovnání sporů --- rahuläbirääkimised --- reglementarea diferendelor --- conflict settlement --- urovnání sporů --- negocjacje pokojowe --- решавање конфликти --- oplossing van conflicten --- mierové rokovania --- Friedensverhandlung --- negoziato di pace --- Beilegung der Konflikte --- rauhanneuvottelut --- konfliktusrendezés --- konfliktuskezelés --- konflikta izlīdzināšana --- béketárgyalások --- negozjati ta' paċi --- negociação de paz --- negociación de paz --- erimielisyyksien ratkaiseminen --- konfliktų sprendimas --- règlement des conflits --- taikos derybos --- επίλυση διαμάχης --- riešenie konfliktov --- ειρηνευτικές διαπραγματεύσεις --- zgjidhje e mosmarrëveshjes --- negociata për paqe --- fredsforhandling --- rozwiązywanie konfliktów --- zgjidhje e konfliktit --- négociation de paix --- pravobranitelj --- Mittler --- közvetítő --- posrednik --- tarpininkas --- bemiddelaar --- rzecznik praw obywatelskich --- посредник --- forligsmand --- vidutājs --- medlare --- medjatur --- ombudsman --- sovittelija --- mediator --- διαμεσολαβητής --- народен правобранител --- sprostredkovateľ --- ndërmjetës --- Provedor de Justiça --- Defensor del Pueblo --- difensore civico --- avocatul poporului --- lepitaja --- ochránce práv ve veřejné správě --- mediátor --- prostředník --- komisař pro lidská práva --- Ararteko --- pověřenec pro občanské záležitosti --- zástupce občanů --- Síndic de Greuges --- Justicia de Aragón --- oikeusasiamies --- ombudsmenas --- Valedor do Pobo --- Diputado del Común --- Ombuds --- ombudsmand --- омбутсман --- zprostředkovatel pro občanské záležitosti --- įgaliotinis --- avokat populli --- επίτροπος διοικήσεως --- Ombudsmann --- Procurador del Común --- Seimo kontrolierius --- Ombudsman --- veřejný ochránce práv --- upravni kodeks --- управни законик --- kod administrativ --- správní zákoník --- haldusseadustik --- kodeks administracyjny --- cod administrativ --- διοικητικός κώδικας --- közigazgatási kódex --- hallintolaki --- forvaltningslov --- Verwaltungsregeln --- administrative code --- административни правила --- Código Administrativo --- codice amministrativo --- código administrativo --- förvaltningsbestämmelser --- upravni zakonik --- administratívny kódex --- kodiċi amministrattiv --- administracinis kodeksas --- administratief wetboek --- administratīvais kodekss --- управен законик --- administrativní zákoník --- közigazgatási törvény --- förvaltningslag --- Kwaliteitsbeheer : Klachtenbeheer --- Gestion de la qualité : Gestion des plaintes --- Conflict --- Overleg (beraad) --- Onderhandeling --- Ombudsdienst --- Arbitrage (conflict) --- Opvoeding --- Pedagogiek --- Statistische gegevens --- Sport --- dlí riaracháin --- idirghabhálaí --- cód riaracháin --- réiteach díospóidí --- Belgique --- Médiateur --- Réclamations (procédure administrative) --- Information des administrés --- Règlement de conflits --- Droit et État. --- Règlement des différends --- Administrative procedure --- Procédure administrative --- Dispute resolution (Law)