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Why are some countries less corrupt and better governed than others? Challenging conventional explanations on the remarkable differences in quality of government worldwide, this book argues that the organization of bureaucracy is an often overlooked but critical factor. Countries where merit-recruited employees occupy public bureaucracies perform better than those where public employees owe their post to political connections. The book provides a coherent theory of why, and ample evidence showing that meritocratic bureaucracies are conducive to lower levels of corruption, higher government effectiveness, and more flexibility to adopt modernizing reforms. Data comes from both a novel dataset on the bureaucratic structures of over 100 countries as well as from narratives of particular countries, with a special focus on the relationship between politicians and bureaucrats in Spain and Sweden. A notable contribution to the literature in comparative politics and public policy on good governance, and to corruption studies more widely.

Bureaucracy --- Administrative agencies --- Executive departments --- Civil service. --- Government executives. --- Government accountability. --- Political corruption. --- Comparative government. --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Political science --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Accountability in government --- Public administration --- Responsibility --- Executives --- Public officers --- Bureaucrats --- Career government service --- Civil servants --- Civil service --- Government employees --- Government service --- Public employees --- Public service (Civil service) --- Public service employment --- Departments, Executive --- Government ministries --- Ministries, Government --- Ministries, State --- State ministries --- Interorganizational relations --- Organizational sociology --- Evaluation. --- Corrupt practices --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc.

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The focus of this study is the “Syria Mission”, directed by the Protestant missionary society American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) from 1819 to 1870 in the Ottoman province of Syria, operating mainly within the territory of present-day Lebanon. The analysis of the cultural transfer between the Ottoman Empire and the United States of America undertaken in this study focuses on four relevant protagonists, whose contributions have not yet been sufficiently explored in missiological studies: The missionaries Eli Smith and Cornelius Van Dyck as well as the Syrian Protestants Butrus al-Bustani and John Wortabet. As a result, the Syria Mission of the ABCFM demonstrates how two different cultures met in a so called contact zone in the mission field and how these dialogue partners, despite many conflicts and disagreements, succeeded in contributing towards a fruitful dialogue. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht die Syrienmission der protestantischen Missionsgesellschaft American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), die sich von 1819 bis 1870 in der Osmanischen Provinz Syrien, d.h. auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Libanon, etablierte. Die Analyse des kulturellen Austausches zwischen dem Osmanischen Reich und den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika setzt bei vier wichtigen Protagonisten an, die in der bisherigen missionsgeschichtlichen Forschung nicht ausführlich bzw. gar nicht Beachtung fanden: Die Missionare Eli Smith und Cornelius Van Dyck sowie die syrischen Protestanten Butrus al-Bustani und John Wortabet. Die Syrienmission des ABCFM ist ein Beispiel dafür, wie zwei verschiedene Kulturen in der sogenannten contact zone der Missionsstationen aufeinander trafen und trotz Konflikten und Meinungsverschiedenheiten zu einem fruchtbaren Dialog gelangen konnten.

Missionaries --- Christianity. --- History. --- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. --- Christianity --- Religions --- Church history --- Religious adherents --- Amerikean Pōrt Ěnkerutʻiwn --- Amerikan Misyoner Şirketi --- A.B.C.F.M. --- ABCFM --- American Board --- American Board of Foreign Missions --- Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions --- American Board of Missions --- American Mission --- United Foreign Missionary Society --- United Church Board for World Ministries --- Woman's Board of Missions --- Woman's Board of Missions for the Pacific --- Woman's Board of Missions of the Interior --- Mission --- Middle East --- Syria --- Lebanon --- USA --- Ottoman Empire --- transcultural dialogue --- Eli Smith --- Cornelius Van Dyck --- Butrus al-Bustani --- John Wortabet --- Naher Osten --- Syrien --- Libanon --- Osmanisches Reich --- transkultureller Dialog --- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions --- Anthony van Dyck --- Arabic --- Beirut --- Protestantism