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This book provides an overview of metal casting technologies starting from its historical evolution to casting design strategies that are being followed today in foundries and other metal casting industries. The details of most of the casting processes and their applications are also included for completeness. Foundry practices such as mold materials and molding techniques, pattern making and cores, furnaces, pouring, cleaning and heat treatment etc. are discussed in detail. Finally, current practices in casting design are demonstrated. Further developments in the field through computational methods and virtual reality are also described.

Metals. --- Technology—History. --- Manufactures. --- Ceramics. --- Glass. --- Composites (Materials). --- Composite materials. --- Metallic Materials. --- History of Technology. --- Manufacturing, Machines, Tools, Processes. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials.

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This book describes the inventions and designs of ancient engineers who are the precursors of the present. The period ranges mainly from 300 B.C. to 1600 A.D. with several exceptions. Many of the oldest inventions are documented by archaeological finds, often very little known, mainly from Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae and reveal a surprising modernity in their conception. Most of the inventions presented in the first four parts of the book were conceived up to the late Roman Empire and may be considered as milestones, each in their respective field. The fifth part concentrates on more recent centuries. The sixth part deals with some building construction techniques. Generally, for each of the presented inventions, three elements of research and reference are provided: written documents (the classics), iconic references (coins, bas-reliefs, etc.) and archaeological findings. The authors did not write this book for engineers only; hence they describe all the devices without assuming wide technical knowledge. The authors’ main aim is to try to communicate their enthusiasm for the inventions and the inventors of the past and to contribute to the fascinating study of the History of Engineering. This second edition includes new topics and chapters that are of special interest to engineers.

Engineering. --- History. --- Engineering design. --- Machinery. --- Technology --- Archaeology. --- Engineering Design. --- Machinery and Machine Elements. --- History of Technology. --- History of Science. --- Engineering --- Technology-History. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- History --- Antiquities --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Design, Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Design --- Technology—History. --- Machinery --- Machines --- Manufactures --- Power (Mechanics) --- Mechanical engineering --- Motors --- Power transmission --- Curious devices

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This book explores the US patent system, which helped practical minded innovators establish intellectual property rights and fulfill the need for achievement that motivates inventors and scholars alike. In this sense, the patent system was a parallel literature: a vetting institution similar to the conventional academic-scientific-technical journal insofar as the patent examiner was both editor and peer reviewer, while the patent attorney was a co-author or ghost writer. In probing evolving notions of novelty, non-obviousness, and cumulative innovation, Mark Monmonier examines rural address guides, folding schemes, world map projections, diverse improvements of the terrestrial globe, mechanical route-following machines that anticipated the GPS navigator, and the early electrical you-are-here mall map, which opened the way for digital cartography and provided fodder for patent trolls, who treat the patent largely as a license to litigate. .

Social sciences. --- Geographical information systems. --- Technology --- Social Sciences. --- Science and Technology Studies. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- History of Technology. --- History. --- Cartography --- Patents --- Intellectual property --- Cartography, Primitive --- Chartography --- Map-making --- Mapmaking --- Mapping (Cartography) --- Mathematical geography --- Surveying --- Map projection --- Maps --- Technology—Sociological aspects. --- Technology-History. --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Geography --- Technology—History.

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This book offers a ready solution for those who wish to learn more about this fascinating part of our water history and makes accessible to the wider world the traditional knowledge gained from building and maintaining qanats for more than 2,500 years. There is much more here than a summary of the nature and distribution of qanats, and a more extensive journey through the philosophy, methods, tools, and terminology of qanat design and digging than previously assembled. Where does one begin to dig to ensure that the qanat tunnel will flow with water? How are practical considerations of landscape factored into the design? How are water quality and discharge measured? How does excavation proceed through bedrock and unconsolidated soil and how is this knowledge of geology and pedology acquired? How are vertical wells and tunnels excavated to maintain proper air supply, light, and water flow? How does one deal with special problems like tunnel collapse, the accumulation of gasses and vapors, and the pooling of water during construction? How are tools and gauges designed, maintained, and used? How have qanats been incorporated into other structures like watermills, reservoirs, ice houses, and irrigation networks? And how are qanats cleaned, extended, maintained through the ages, and incorporated into modern water supplies? The great contribution of this work is the story it tells of the ingenuity and practical skills of the qanat masters who for centuries and generations have cut an uncountable number of tunnels through bedrock and alluvium using hand tools and homespun solutions to problems that would vex the most experienced university-trained engineers. .

Water pollution. --- Water-supply. --- Technology—History. --- Cultural heritage. --- Ethnology. --- Civil engineering. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Water Industry/Water Technologies. --- History of Technology. --- Cultural Heritage. --- Civil Engineering.

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This book offers a ready solution for those who wish to learn more about this fascinating part of our water history and makes accessible to the wider world the traditional knowledge gained from building and maintaining qanats for more than 2,500 years. There is much more here than a summary of the nature and distribution of qanats, and a more extensive journey through the philosophy, methods, tools, and terminology of qanat design and digging than previously assembled. Where does one begin to dig to ensure that the qanat tunnel will flow with water? How are practical considerations of landscape factored into the design? How are water quality and discharge measured? How does excavation proceed through bedrock and unconsolidated soil and how is this knowledge of geology and pedology acquired? How are vertical wells and tunnels excavated to maintain proper air supply, light, and water flow? How does one deal with special problems like tunnel collapse, the accumulation of gasses and vapors, and the pooling of water during construction? How are tools and gauges designed, maintained, and used? How have qanats been incorporated into other structures like watermills, reservoirs, ice houses, and irrigation networks? And how are qanats cleaned, extended, maintained through the ages, and incorporated into modern water supplies? The great contribution of this work is the story it tells of the ingenuity and practical skills of the qanat masters who for centuries and generations have cut an uncountable number of tunnels through bedrock and alluvium using hand tools and homespun solutions to problems that would vex the most experienced university-trained engineers. .

Water pollution. --- Water-supply. --- Technology—History. --- Cultural heritage. --- Ethnology. --- Civil engineering. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Water Industry/Water Technologies. --- History of Technology. --- Cultural Heritage. --- Civil Engineering.