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Laïcité --- Sécularisation (Théologie) --- Historiographie

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Until the modern period the integration of church (or other religion) and state (or political life) had been taken for granted. The political order was always tied to an official religion in Christian Europe, pre-Christian Europe, and in the Arabic world. But from the eighteenth century onwards, some European states began to set up their political order on a different basis. Not religion, but the rule of law through non-religious values embedded in constitutions became the foundation of some states - a movement we now call secularism. In others, a de facto secularism emerged as political values and civil and criminal law altered their professed foundation from a shared religion to a non-religious basis. Today secularism is an increasingly hot topic in public, political, and religious debate across the globe. It is embodied in the conflict between secular republics - from the US to India - and the challenges they face from resurgent religious identity politics; in the challenges faced by religious states like those of the Arab world from insurgent secularists; and in states like China where calls for freedom of belief are challenging a state imposed non-religious worldview.0In this short introduction Andrew Copson tells the story of secularism, taking in momentous episodes in world history, such as the great transition of Europe from religious orthodoxy to pluralism, the global struggle for human rights and democracy, and the origins of modernity. He also considers the role of secularism when engaging with some of the most contentious political and legal issues of our time: 'blasphemy', 'apostasy', religious persecution, religious discrimination, religious schools, and freedom of belief and thought in a divided world.

Secularism --- Sécularisation --- Sécularisation --- 322 --- 322 Godsdienstige tolerantie. Godsdienstpolitiek --- Godsdienstige tolerantie. Godsdienstpolitiek

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The Western World is becoming atheist. In the space of three generations churchgoing and religious belief have become alien to millions. We are in the midst of one of humankind's great cultural changes. How has this happened? Becoming Atheist explores how people of the sixties' generation have come to live their lives as if there is no God. It tells the life narratives of those from Britain, Western Europe, the United States and Canada who came from Christian, Jewish and other backgrounds to be without faith. Based on interviews with 85 people born in 18 countries, Callum Brown shows how gender, ethnicity and childhood shape how individuals lose religion. This book moves from statistical and broad cultural analysis to use frank, humorous and sometimes harrowing personal testimony. "Becoming Atheist" exposes people's role in renegotiating their own identities, and fashioning a secular and humanist culture for the Western world.

Secularism --- Atheism --- Secularization (Theology) --- Secular theology --- Death of God theology --- Theology, Doctrinal --- Philosophy --- Agnosticism --- Free thought --- Irreligion --- Religion --- Theism --- Ethics --- Utilitarianism --- Postsecularism --- History --- Sécularisation --- Athéisme --- Sécularisation (Théologie) --- Histoire --- 316:2 --- 316:2 Godsdienstsociologie --- Godsdienstsociologie --- Sécularisation --- Athéisme --- Sécularisation (Théologie)

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Père spirituel du Pakistan, Mohammed Iqbal (1873-1938), juriste et poète de l'islam d'Asie, qui a effectué un long séjour en Europe où il a rencontré Bergson et s'est senti profondément interpellé par Nietzsche, peut être considéré comme le " Luther de l'islam?"?: dès 1905 il donne à la religion de Mahomet la tâche de se confronter à l'annonce occidentale de la "mort de Dieu ". Aux croyants, il demande de prendre acte du fait que Dieu s'est éclipsé de notre monde et que personne ne peut plus s'autoriser de lui. Aux incroyants, il propose un chemin pour sortir de l'angoisse de la perte de sens. La voie du salut céleste et celle du bonheur terrestre peuvent être réconciliées si l'on apprend à voir Dieu comme la promesse de l'accomplissement de l'homme.C'est ce à quoi Iqbal nous invite en rappelant souvent la liberté des soufis, notamment de Rumi qui est un de ses maîtres spirituels Cette nouvelle édition est augmentée d'un chapitre inédit consacré à la délicate question de l'héritage politique de Iqbal. Reprise en poche d'un titre paru en 2010 chez François Bourin Editeur sous le titre L'islam face à la mort de Dieu.

Islam et civilisation --- Philosophie islamique --- Sécularisation (théologie) --- Iqbal, Muhammad --- Philosophie islamique. --- Critique et interprétation. --- Contribution à la philosophie de la religion. --- Islam and culture --- Islamic philosophy --- Secularization (Theology) --- History