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La quatrième de couverture indique : "Monarque guerrier et voyageur, Pierre le Grand a parcouru le monde pendant près de quatre décennies, de la mer Caspienne, de la Hollande à la Moldavie, de l'Angleterre à la Perse. Il a effectué deux longs voyages en Europe occidentale, le premier en 1697-1698, le second, vingt ans plus tard, en 1716-1717. Au cours de ce second voyage, Pierre séjourne en France durant deux mois, d'avril à juin 1717. Deux ans après la mort de Louis XIV, il découvre le royaume le plus peuplé d'Occident, rencontre le jeune Louis XV, négocie avec le régent Philippe d'Orléans, fréquente les hommes d'Etat, les savants, les techniciens et les artistes. Animé d'une curiosité universelle, Pierre visite les palais et les manufactures, les fortifications et les bibliothèques, les églises et les académies. A pied ou en fiacre, il se promène dans les rues de Paris et fait le tour des maisons royales d'Ile-de-France : Versailles, Trianon, Marly, Saint-Germain, Fontainebleau. Pierre Ier et sa suite acquièrent des livres, des objets d'art, des instruments scientifiques, qu'ils rapportent en Russie en même temps que les présents diplomatiques du gouvernement français. Visites et discussions avec les Français alimenteront la réflexion du tsar réformateur et influenceront les travaux qu'il entreprend depuis 1703 à Saint-Pétersbourg et dans ses environs. Ce catalogue, et l'exposition qu'il accompagne, commémorent le tricentenaire de ce voyage de 1717, rencontre d'un vieux royaume et d'un empire naissant, véritable acte fondateur des échanges culturels entre la Russie et la France."
art [fine art] --- International relations. Foreign policy --- international relations --- Art --- Peter I the Great [Emperor of Russia] --- France --- Russian Federation --- Russia --- Relations extérieures --- Relations extérieures --- art [discipline]
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In many autocracies, regime leaders share power with a ruling party, which can help generate popular support and reduce conflict among key elites. Such ruling parties are often called dominant parties. In other regimes, leaders prefer to rule solely through some combination of charisma, patronage, and coercion, rather than sharing power with a dominant party. This book explains why dominant parties emerge in some nondemocratic regimes, but not in others. It offers a novel theory of dominant party emergence that centers on the balance of power between rulers and other elites. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Russia, original data on Russian political elites, and cross-national statistical analysis, the book's findings shed new light on how modern autocracies work and why they break down. The book also provides new insights about the foundations of Vladimir Putin's regime and challenges several myths about the personalization of power under Putin.
Political parties --- Authoritarianism --- Post-communism --- Political science --- Authority --- Russia (Federation) --- Russian Federation --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Eluosi (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- RF (Russian Federation) --- Россия (Federation)
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The Russian Revolution of 1917 transformed the face of the Russian empire, politically, economically, socially, and culturally, and also profoundly affected the course of world history for the rest of the twentieth century. Now, to mark the centenary of this epochal event, historian Steve Smith presents a panoramic account of the history of the Russian empire, from the last years of the nineteenth century, through the First World War and the revolutions of 1917 and the establishment of the Bolshevik regime, to the end of the 1920s, when Stalin simultaneously unleashed violent collectivization of agriculture and crash industrialization upon Russian society. Drawing on recent archivally-based scholarship, Russia in Revolution pays particular attention to the varying impact of the Revolution on the various groups that made up society: peasants, workers, non-Russian nationalities, the army, women and the family, young people, and the Church. In doing so, it provides a fresh way into the big, perennial questions about the Revolution and its consequences: why did the attempt by the tsarist government to implement political reform after the 1905 Revolution fail; why did the First World War bring about the collapse of the tsarist system; why did the attempt to create a democratic system after the February Revolution of 1917 not get off the ground; why did the Bolsheviks succeed in seizing and holding on to power; why did they come out victorious from a punishing civil war; why did the New Economic Policy they introduced in 1921 fail; and why did Stalin come out on top in the power struggle inside the Bolshevik party after Lenin's death in 1924. A final chapter then reflects on the larger significance of 1917 for the history of the twentieth century - and, for all its terrible flaws, what the promise of the Revolution might mean for us today.
Russia --- Soviet Union --- Russie --- URSS --- History --- Histoire --- History of Eastern Europe --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1920-1929 --- Russian Federation --- Russia - History - Nicholas II, 1894-1917 --- Soviet Union - History - Revolution, 1917-1921 --- Soviet Union - History - 1917-1936
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This paper focuses on the task that may be more complicated when the adjustment in relative prices is driven by a negative terms of trade (ToT) shock. Two sets of factors are explored: disruptiveness of sudden terms-of-trade driven devaluations and issues related to external demand and access to external markets. The argument that a reduction in commodity prices will unwind the Dutch disease assumes symmetry: since increasing commodity prices drove resources out of the non-commodity tradable sector, decreasing commodity prices and ensuing real depreciation should bring resources back into the nontradable sector. Effectively, this implies that the magnitude of the elasticity of non-commodity exports to the real effective exchange rate (REER) is equal regardless of the direction of the REER movement, and is not affected by the phase of the commodity cycle. Deep linkages between the commodity and non-commodity sectors can prevent the non-commodity tradable sector from taking advance of the depreciation caused by a commodity price shock because such depreciation puts under stress the entire economy.
Monetary policy --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Fiscal Policy --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Trade: General --- Commodity Markets --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Civil service & public sector --- Labour --- income economics --- Oil prices --- Exports --- Fiscal rules --- Fiscal federalism --- International trade --- Fiscal policy --- Finance, Public --- Russian Federation
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In this new Brookings Marshall Paper, Michael O'Hanlon argues that now is the time for Western nations to negotiate a new security architecture for neutral countries in eastern Europe to stabilize the region and reduce the risks of war with Russia. He believes NATO expansion has gone far enough. The core concept of this new security architecture would be one of permanent neutrality. The countries in question collectively make a broken-up arc, from Europe's far north to its south: Finland and Sweden; Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus; Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan; and finally Cyprus plus Serbia, as well as possibly several other Balkan states. Discussion on the new framework should begin within NATO, followed by deliberation with the neutral countries themselves, and then formal negotiations with Russia. The new security architecture would require that Russia, like NATO, commit to help uphold the security of Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, and other states in the region. Russia would have to withdraw its troops from those countries in a verifiable manner; after that, corresponding sanctions on Russia would be lifted. The neutral countries would retain their rights to participate in multilateral security operations on a scale comparable to what has been the case in the past, including even those operations that might be led by NATO. They could think of and describe themselves as Western states (or anything else, for that matter). If the European Union and they so wished in the future, they could join the EU. They would have complete sovereignty and self-determination in every sense of the word. But NATO would decide not to invite them into the alliance as members. Ideally, these nations would endorse and promote this concept themselves as a more practical way to ensure their security than the current situation or any other plausible alternative.
National security --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization. --- North Atlantic treaty organisation --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- NAVO --- OTAN --- Buffer states --- Europe, Eastern --- Russia (Federation) --- Foreign relations --- Buffer nations --- Buffer zones --- States, Buffer --- Geopolitics --- Neutrality --- Russian Federation --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- Eluosi (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- RF (Russian Federation) --- Россия (Federation)
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"In the wake of Russia's annexation of Crimea and continued aggression in eastern Ukraine, the rest of Europe has been forced to reassess its approach to a regional security environment previously thought to be stable and relatively benign. This report analyzes the vulnerability of European states to various possible forms of Russian influence, pressure, and intimidation and examines four areas of potential European vulnerability: military, trade and investment, energy, and politics. We find that European countries differ widely in their vulnerability to possible Russian actions. Whereas the states in southern or western parts of Europe have some economic vulnerability, Northern and Central European states have greater exposure to Russian actions due to their proximity to Russia, their history of recent domination by the Soviet Union, and, in some cases, the continuing legacies of the Soviet empire. Energy represents a lesser source of vulnerability for Europe than is generally perceived. If Russia were to halt oil exports to Europe, Europe could easily import oil from other suppliers. European countries could also find alternative measures if Russia were to interrupt flows of gas, although a few smaller economies would be less resilient than larger ones. Finally, Russia could try to exploit the political vulnerabilities of a number of countries, from Russian minorities issues in the Baltic states to the rise of populist parties in the rest of Europe"--Publisher's description.
National security --- Energy security --- Economic security --- Security, Economic --- Economic policy --- Social policy --- Welfare economics --- Energy dependence --- Energy independence --- Energy insecurity --- Security, Energy --- Energy policy --- European Union countries --- Russia (Federation) --- Strategic aspects. --- Foreign relations --- Russian Federation --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- Eluosi (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- RF (Russian Federation) --- Россия (Federation)
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In this work, the oxide material Li???Al?Ti???(PO?)? (LATP) is extensively investigated with the scope of using it as a solid state electrolyte. Starting with the synthesis of raw LATP material by sol-gel process, the whole production process of LATP is analyzed, including powder conditioning and sintering of ceramic samples.
Imperialism. --- Nationalism --- Colonialism --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Political science --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism --- Russia (Federation) --- Russian Federation --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Civilization --- Philosophy. --- Eluosi (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- Imperialism --- E-books --- Li-ion conductivity --- LATP --- microstructure --- Mikrostruktur --- Li-Ionen-Leitfähigkeit --- Zweitphase --- secondary phase --- Festkörperelektrolyt --- solid state electrolyte --- RF (Russian Federation) --- Россия (Federation)
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Foreign workers --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Labor policy --- Russia (Federation) --- Emigration and immigration --- Economic aspects. --- Labor --- State and labor --- Economic policy --- Alien labor --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens --- Employees --- Government policy --- Employment --- Russian Federation --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- Eluosi (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- RF (Russian Federation) --- Россия (Federation)
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Groundbreaking new insight into a rich spectrum of early Soviet art and its spaces of display Published on the centenary of the Russian Revolution, this landmark book gathers information from the forefront of current research in early Soviet art, providing a new understanding of where art was presented, who saw it, and how the images incorporated and conveyed Soviet values. More than 350 works are grouped into areas of critical importance for the production, reception, and circulation of early Soviet art: battlegrounds, schools, theaters, the press, storefronts, exhibitions, factories, festivals, and homes. Paintings by El Lissitzky and Liubov Popova are joined by sculptures, costumes and textiles, decorative arts, architectural models, books, magazines, films, and more. Also included are rare and important artifacts, among them a selection of illustrated children?s notes by Joseph Stalin?s daughter, Svetlana Allilueva, as well as reproductions of key exhibition spaces such as the legendary Obmokhu (Constructivist) exhibition in 1921; Aleksandr Rodchenko?s Workers Club in 1925; and a Radio-Orator kiosk for live, projected, and printed propaganda designed by Gustav Klutsis in 1922. Bountifully illustrated, this book offers an unprecedented, cross-disciplinary analysis of two momentous decades of Soviet visual culture.
Art, Soviet --- Art and society --- Art soviétique --- Art et société --- Exhibitions. --- Exhibitions --- Expositions --- politics --- workers --- communism --- avant-garde --- agitprop --- Art --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1930-1939 --- anno 1920-1929 --- Russian Federation --- Russia --- Art soviétique --- Art et société --- Kunst --- Sovjet-Unie --- 1918-1945 --- Propaganda --- Politiek --- Afrika --- Azië --- Nederland --- China --- Autisme --- Cultuur --- Kind --- Samenleving --- Technologie --- Wetenschap --- Historische kritiek --- Vietnam --- Zuid-Afrika --- Kust --- Maatschappij --- Film --- Geschiedenis --- Voorlichting --- Literatuur --- Oorlogspropaganda --- kunst en politiek --- 20e eeuw
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modern Russian fine arts styles and movements --- Art --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1930-1939 --- anno 1920-1929 --- Russian Federation --- Russische revolutie --- propaganda --- communisme --- avant-garde --- geschiedenis --- 1917 - 1932 --- 20ste eeuw --- Rusland --- Russia --- Kunst --- Sovjet-Unie --- 1918-1945 --- Propaganda --- Politiek --- Afrika --- Azië --- Nederland --- China --- Autisme --- Cultuur --- Kind --- Samenleving --- Technologie --- Wetenschap --- Historische kritiek --- Vietnam --- Zuid-Afrika --- Kust --- Maatschappij --- Film --- Geschiedenis --- Voorlichting --- Literatuur --- Oorlogspropaganda --- Russische revolutie. --- propaganda. --- communisme. --- avant-garde. --- geschiedenis. --- 1917 - 1932. --- 20ste eeuw. --- Rusland. --- 20e eeuw
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