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This book analyzes the patron-client relationship over both space and time. It covers such areas of the globe as Europe, Africa and Latin America, and such periods in time as ancient Rome, seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Poland, as well as twentieth-century America. It also analyzes clientelism in U.S. policy toward the Vietnam War and in Richard J. Daley’s mayoral rule over Chicago. In his comparative approach the author makes broad use of theories from such fields as history, sociology, anthropology and linguistics while considering the global scale of the patron-client relationship and the immense role that clientelism has played in world history

Patronage, Political --- Patron and client --- History. --- History.

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"Most of the world's population lives in cities in developing countries, where access to basic public services, such as water, electricity, and health clinics, is either inadequate or sorely missing. Through the lens of urban water provision, this book shows how politicians fail to provide reliable and high quality public services because they often benefit politically from manipulating public service provision for electoral gain. In many young democracies, politicians exchange water service for votes or political support, attempting to reward allies or punish political enemies. Surprisingly, the political problem of water provision has become more pronounced in many young democracies, as water service represents a valuable political currency in resource-scarce environments. When do politicians forgo the clientelistic manipulation of water services and invest in programmatic and universal service provision? Water and Politics finds that middle-class and industrial elites play an important role in generating pressure for public service reforms. Based on extensive field research and combining process tracing with a subnational comparative analysis of eight Mexican cities, Water and Politics constructs a framework for understanding the construction of universal service provision in these weak institutional settings"--

Water-supply --- Public utilities --- Patron and client --- Political aspects

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The so-called Investiture Controversy affected not only pope and emperor, but also every individual region of the Holy Roman Empire. The conflict not only pitted secular and ecclesiastical figures against each other, but also the sacred dead. "Peter, Prince of the Apostles" was especially active in the embattled region of Saxony in Salian era, while genuine papal and well as traditional Carolingian saints, in union with specific local saints jockeyed to move individual persons and corporate entities to their own positions. Der so genannte Investiturstreit betraf nicht nur Papst und Kaiser, sondern auch jede einzelne Region des Reiches. Im umkampften Sachsen der Salierzeit forderte insbesondere der Apostelfurst Petrus, zugleich genuin papstlicher wie auch traditionell karolingischer Heiliger, im Verbund mit jeweils spezifischen Ortsheiligen die Korporationen und Einzelpersonen zur eigenen Positionierung heraus.

Christian patron saints --- Christian hagiography --- History --- Peter, --- Cult --- Saxony (Germany) --- Holy Roman Empire --- Church history --- Historiography --- Christian patron saints - Holy Roman Empire --- Christian patron saints - Germany - Saxony --- Christian hagiography - History - To 1500 --- Petrus ap. --- Saxe --- Peter, - the Apostle, Saint - Cult - Germany - Saxony --- Saxony (Germany) - Church history --- Holy Roman Empire - History - Franconian House, 1024-1125 --- Holy Roman Empire - Church history --- Saxony (Germany) - Historiography --- Peter, - the Apostle, Saint

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In recent years the study of miraculous images has experienced a substantial re-evaluation of their importance as powerful agents of divine intercession and assistance in Renaissance society. Nonetheless, aspects related to the genesis, devotional use and preferences of these images remain only broadly outlined and geographically constrained. In parallel with the great veneration for miracle-performing Marian and Christological imagery, other saintly figures became the objects of widespread devotion on account of their protective and curative powers, and the images of these saints became cult objects themselves.0This volume fills a void in current art historical research and examines how miraculous images and the imagery of healing saints were crucial to the creation of individual, corporate and collective identities in Florence, Siena, Rome, Naples and other lesser researched Italian centres. The essays in this collection address aspects related to the development of hagiographies, iconographies, cult of relics, and devotion of healing saints. Moreover, it considers imagery related to miraculous events also in terms of material culture in the private and public domains. The images will therefore be studied both as aesthetic objects and as cult objects, in order to interrogate the often tense relationship between mechanical vision and cultural visuality. While dealing with specific curative, protective, and miraculous episodes related to the exposition of sacred images, this book unravels questions of patronage, authorship, agency, and tradition.

miracles --- History of civilization --- visual culture --- saints --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Italy --- Spiritual healing --- Christian patron saints --- Christian patron saints in art --- Idols and images --- Healing gods --- Miracles in art --- Worship --- Cultuurgeschiedenis --- heiligen --- mirakelen --- visuele cultuur --- Italië --- 091:235 --- 091.31 "13/14" --- 091.31 "15/17" --- 091.31 "15/17" Verluchte handschriften--Moderne Tijd --- Verluchte handschriften--Moderne Tijd --- 091.31 "13/14" Verluchte handschriften--?"13/14" --- Verluchte handschriften--?"13/14" --- Healing --- Miracles --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- Healing - Religious aspects - Christianity --- Saints --- Italie --- Iconographie --- Images miraculeuses --- Christelijke kunst --- genezing

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New Jersey has long been a breeding ground for political corruption, and most of it is perfectly legal. Public officials accept favors from lobbyists, give paid positions to relatives, and rig the electoral process to favor their cronies in a system where campaign money is used to buy government results. Such unethical behavior is known as "soft corruption," and former New Jersey legislator William E. Schluter has been fighting it for the past fifty years. In this searing personal narrative, the former state senator recounts his fight to expose and reform these acts of government misconduct. Not afraid to cite specific cases of soft corruption in New Jersey politics, he paints a vivid portrait of public servants who care more about political power and personal gain than the public good. By recounting events that he witnessed firsthand in the Garden State, he provides dramatic illustrations of ills that afflict American politics nationwide. As he identifies five main forms of soft corruption, Schluter diagnoses the state government's ethical malaise, and offers concrete policy suggestions for how it might be cured. Not simply a dive through the muck of New Jersey politics, Soft Corruption is an important first step to reforming our nation's political system, a book that will inspire readers to demand that our elected officials can and must do better. Visit: www.softcorruption.com (http://www.softcorruption.com)

Political corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Campaign funds --- Conflict of interests --- Patronage, Political --- Political culture --- Political patronage --- Spoils system --- Conflict of interest --- Conflict of interests (Agency) --- Conflict of interests (Public office) --- Conflicts of interest --- Interests, Conflict of --- Malfeasance in office --- Misfeasance in office --- Official misconduct --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corrupt practices --- New Jersy --- Politics and government. --- Culture --- Political science --- Civil service reform --- Ethics --- Administrative responsibility --- Corruption --- New Jersey --- E-books --- #SBIB:35H52 --- Ethiek van bestuur en beleid. --- Ethiek van bestuur en beleid --- Clientelism, Political --- Patron-client politics --- Political clientelism --- Political sociology