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Durante gli anni della Prima guerra mondiale i Parlamenti degli stati coinvolti nel conflitto furono, nella maggior parte dei casi, costretti a limitare drasticamente la propria attività e si videro spesso preclusa la possibilità di esercitare pienamente le proprie prerogative. Più in generale, gli spazi di libertà dei cittadini, dei quali l'istituto parlamentare rappresentava il simbolo più luminoso, subirono un drammatico ridimensionamento. Parallelamente si dilatava il potere dei comandi militari, non solo nelle trincee e nei campi di battaglia, ma anche in molti ambiti della vita civile. Tuttavia i Parlamenti riuscirono, negli anni finali della guerra, non solo a riprendere gradualmente quota, ma anche a spingere con successo in direzione di una estensione delle proprie funzioni, avviando un processo che in molti stati coincise con il passaggio da un ordinamento liberale a un ordinamento compiutamente democratico. Gli anni del " lungo" dopoguerra furono però densi di contraddizioni. Spesso esecutivo e legislativo crebbero insieme, mentre in alcuni casi le logiche imperative impostesi a lungo in tempo di guerra ebbero modo di riemergere e di consolidarsi. Questo volume, nel quale vengono esaminati diversi casi nazionali, illustra alcune delle ambivalenze caratteristiche di questa drammatica fase della storia europea.

Military Power --- Welfare State --- First World War --- Parliaments --- Royal Prerogative --- History

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Fighting for the King and the Gods provides an introduction to the topic of war and the variety of texts concerning many aspects of warfare in the ancient Near East. These texts illustrate various viewpoints of war and show how warfare was an integral part of life. Trimm examines not only the victors and the famous battles, but also the hardship that war brought to many. While several of these texts treated here are well known (i.e., Ramses II's battle against the Hittites at Qadesh), others are known only to specialists. This work will allow a broader audience to access and appreciate these important texts as they relate to the history and ideology of warfare.

Military art and science --- Fighting --- Military power --- Military science --- Warfare --- Warfare, Primitive --- Naval art and science --- War --- Ancient warfare --- History --- History. --- Iraq

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This book explores the world of British naval officers at the height of the Royal Navy's power in the age of sail. It describes the full spectrum of officers, from commissioned officers to the unheralded but essential members of every ship's company, the warrant officers. The book focusses on naval officers' social status and its implications for their careers. The demands of life at sea conflicted with the expectations of genteel behaviour and background in eighteenth-century Britain, and the ways officers grappled with this challenge forms a key theme. Drawing on a large database of more than a thousand officers, the book argues that, contrary to the prevailing view, officers were mostly from the middling sort, not the landed elite. It shows how the navy attracted hordes of hopeful commissioned officers, how unemployment was common for the majority even in wartime, and how only a select group managed to gain promotion to post-captain. The book corrects our understanding of the men who lived and served in the wardrooms of the Royal Navy and refocusses our attention away from those who won fame and fortune and onto ordinary naval officers.

EVAN WILSON is Associate Director of International Security Studies and Lecturer in History at Yale University

Navies --- Military power --- Navy --- Armed Forces --- Naval art and science --- Sea-power --- Warships --- Officers --- History. --- Great Britain. --- צי הבריטי --- England and Wales. --- Great Britain --- History, Naval

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Are humans violent or peaceful by nature? We are both. In this ambitious and wide-ranging book, Agner Fog presents a ground-breaking new argument that explains the existence of differently organised societies using evolutionary theory. It combines natural sciences and social sciences in a way that is rarely seen. According to a concept called regality theory, people show a preference for authoritarianism and strong leadership in times of war or collective danger, but desire egalitarian political systems in times of peace and safety. These individual impulses shape the way societies develop and organise themselves, and in this book Agner argues that there is an evolutionary mechanism behind this flexible psychology. Incorporating a wide range of ideas including evolutionary theory, game theory, and ecological theory, Agner analyses the conditions that make us either strident or docile. He tests this theory on data from contemporary and ancient societies, and provides a detailed explanation of the applications of regality theory to issues of war and peace, the rise and fall of empires, the mass media, economic instability, ecological crisis, and much more. Warlike and Peaceful Societies draws on many different fields of both the social sciences and the natural sciences. It will be of interest to academics and students in these fields, including anthropology, political science, history, conflict and peace research, social psychology, and more, as well as the natural sciences, including human biology, human evolution, and ecology.

Leadership --- National security --- Military art and science --- Social aspects. --- Psychological aspects. --- Fighting --- Military power --- Military science --- Warfare --- Warfare, Primitive --- Naval art and science --- War --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- Ability --- Command of troops --- Followership --- Government policy --- anthropology --- ecology --- security --- collective psychology --- sociology --- evolutionary psychology --- regality theory --- conflict

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In a time of great need for Britain, a small coterie of influential businessmen gained access to secret information on industrial mobilization as advisers to the Principal Supply Officers Committee. They provided the state with priceless advice, but, as "insiders" utilised their access to information to build a business empire at a fraction of the normal costs. Outsiders, in contrast, lacked influence and were forced together into a defensive "ring" or cartel - which effectively fixed prices for British warships. By the 1930s, the cartel grew into one of the most sophisticated profiteering groups of its day. This book examines the relationship between the private naval armaments industry, businessmen, and the British government defence planners between the wars. It reassesses the concept of the military-industrial complex through the impact of disarmament upon private industry, the role of leading industrialists in supply and procurement policy, and the successes and failings of government organisation. It blends together political, naval, and business history in new ways, and, by situating the business activities of industrialists alongside their work as government advisors, sheds new light on the operation of the British state. This is the story of how these men profited while effectively saving the National Government from itself.

Shipbuilding industry --- Sea-power --- Naval art and science --- Industrial policy --- Business --- Industries --- Industry and state --- Economic policy --- Fighting --- Naval administration --- Naval science --- Naval warfare --- Navy --- War, Maritime --- War --- Military art and science --- Navies --- Navigation --- Dominion of the sea --- Military power --- Naval policy --- Sea, Dominion of the --- Seapower --- Military readiness --- Naval history --- Naval strategy --- Ships --- History --- Government policy