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Rabbis --- Jewish philosophers --- Jewish philosophy --- Maimonides, Moses, --- 1 <=924> MAIMONIDES, MOSES --- 1 <=924> MAIMONIDES, MOSES Joodse filosofie:--oudheid en middeleeuwen--MAIMONIDES, MOSES --- Joodse filosofie:--oudheid en middeleeuwen--MAIMONIDES, MOSES --- Rabbis - Egypt - Biography --- Jewish philosophers - Egypt - Biography --- Maimonides, Moses, - 1135-1204.

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The central claim of this book is that Philo of Alexandria's philosophical method served as the model for the philosophical works of Moses Maimonides and Thomas Aquinas. Moses Maimonides and Thomas Aquinas stand as two pillars in the history of religious philosophy. In their respective religious communities each philosopher is considered the great master who expressed the doctrine of the religious tradition in philosophical terms. One of the most important points established in this book is that both of these thinkers inherited a set of standard philosophical topics (divine attributes, creation ex nihilo, divine providence, etc.) which were first developed as philosophical/religious questions by Philo. In effect, Philo's philosophical method shaped the history of Western philosophy until the late seventeenth century.

Philo Alexandrinus --- Philo, --- Maimonides, Moses --- Thomas Aquinas --- Influence.

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Jewish merchants --- Commercial law (Jewish law) --- Partnership (Jewish law) --- History --- History --- History --- Maimonides, Moses, --- Islamic Empire --- Islamic Empire --- Commerce --- History --- Ethnic relations --- History

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The advent of Islam in the seventh century brought profound economic changes to the Jews living in the Middle East, and Talmudic law, compiled in and for an agrarian society, was ill equipped to address an increasingly mercantile world. In response, and over the course of the seventh through eleventh centuries, the heads of the Jewish yeshivot of Iraq sought precedence in custom to adapt Jewish law to the new economic and social reality.In Maimonides and the Merchants, Mark R. Cohen reveals the extent of even further pragmatic revisions to the halakha, or body of Jewish law, introduced by Moses Maimonides in his Mishneh Torah, the comprehensive legal code he compiled in the late twelfth century. While Maimonides insisted that he was merely restating already established legal practice, Cohen uncovers the extensive reformulations that further inscribed commerce into Jewish law. Maimonides revised Talmudic partnership regulations, created a judicial method to enable Jewish courts to enforce forms of commercial agency unknown in the Talmud, and even modified the halakha to accommodate the new use of paper for writing business contracts. Over and again, Cohen demonstrates, the language of Talmudic rulings was altered to provide Jewish merchants arranging commercial collaborations or litigating disputes with alternatives to Islamic law and the Islamic judicial system.Thanks to the business letters, legal documents, and accounts found in the manuscript stockpile known as the Cairo Geniza, we are able to reconstruct in fine detail Jewish involvement in the marketplace practices that contemporaries called "the custom of the merchants." In Maimonides and the Merchants, Cohen has written a stunning reappraisal of how these same customs inflected Jewish law as it had been passed down through the centuries.

Jewish merchants --- Commercial law (Jewish law) --- Partnership (Jewish law) --- Jewish law --- Merchants, Jewish --- Merchants --- History --- Maimonides, Moses, --- Islamic Empire --- Arab countries --- Arab Empire --- Empire, Islamic --- Middle East --- Muslim Empire --- Commerce --- Ethnic relations