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Rare earth elements have significant physical and chemical properties, which have been made indispensable in many magnetic, electronic, and optical applications. For instance, rare earth magnets have high magnetic intensity that can be retained at high temperatures, making them ideal for aerospace applications. Moreover, rare earth elements allow to fabricate faster, smaller, and lighter devices such as cell phones and hard drives. They are also important for in-ear headphones, microphones, loudspeakers, optical fibers, smartphones, and tablet computers. All these technological possibilities have made sure that the rare earth elements are part of the daily life. Therefore, this book has a main objective to let the readers know useful information about the rare earth elements that possibly allow development of the researches in different fields of science where the rare earth elements are used.

Chemistry. --- Rare earth metals. --- Lanthanide series --- Lanthanides --- Lanthanoid series --- Lanthanons --- Rare earth elements --- Nonferrous metals --- Physical sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Chemistry --- Inorganic Chemistry --- Solid-State Chemistry

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This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Topics include the extraction and processing of elements like antimony, arsenic, gold, indium, palladium, platinum, rare earth metals including yttrium and neodymium, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium. Rare processing techniques are covered, including direct extraction processes for rare-earth recovery, biosorption of precious metals, fluorination behavior of uranium and zirconium mixture of fuel debris treatment, and recovery of valuable components of commodity metals such as zinc, nickel, and metals from slag.

Materials science. --- Structural materials. --- Metals. --- Materials Science. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Metallic Materials. --- Structural Materials. --- Nonferrous metals --- Rare earth metals --- Metallurgy --- Lanthanide series --- Lanthanides --- Lanthanoid series --- Lanthanons --- Rare earth elements --- Rare metals --- Metals --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Materials. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Materials --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Material science --- Physical sciences