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In his work Bruno oder uber das gottliche und naturliche Princip der Dinge (Bruno, or On the Natural and Divine Principle of Things), published in the summer of 1802, Schelling describes the main features of his identity philosophy based on the model of a Platonic dialogue. All the essays that Schelling published in the first volume of the Critical Journal of Philosophy originated in 1802. These included Ueber das absolute Identitats-System (On the Absolute Identity System), a critical dispute with Reinhold, as well as Ruckert and Weiss, oder die Philosophie zu der es keines Denkens und Wissens bedarf (Ruckert and Weiss, or the Philosophy Which Requires no Thinking or Knowledge). In the text structure, the edition has taken all other editions into consideration and makes these accessible in editorial reports and explanatory annotations.

Idealism, German --- Philosophy

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For the first time, this volume provides access to Schelling's earliest works, written during his schooldays in Bebenhausen, in a historical-critical edition. This includes the ›Oratio canicularis‹ (Hundstagrede – Dog Days Speech), held at the completion of school, in which he spoke about the usefulness of classical languages. Some of the texts can be traced back to Joseph Friedrich Schelling's classes which he had been giving as a professor at the monastery school in Bebenhausen since 1777. The interpretation of the Psalms which evolved from this documents the beginnings of Schelling‹s preoccupation with biblical hermeneutics and exegetics. In addition to this work, the volume contains two Latin poems, written in hexameter, as well as the text fragment »Geschichte des Klosters Bebenhausen« (A History of the Bebenhausen Monastery) as well as interpretations of ancient Greek authors such as Isocrates and Pindar. Der Band macht Schellings früheste Arbeiten aus seiner Schulzeit in Bebenhausen erstmals in historisch-kritischer Edition zugänglich, darunter die zum Abschluss der Schulzeit gehaltene ›Oratio canicularis‹ (Hundstagrede), in der es um den Nutzen der alten Sprachen geht. Einige der Texte gehen auf den Unterricht von Joseph Friedrich Schelling zurück, der seit 1777 an der Klosterschule Bebenhausen als Professor tätig war. Die in diesem Rahmen entstandene Auslegung der Psalmen dokumentiert die Anfänge von Schellings bibelhermeneutischer und exegetischer Beschäftigung. Neben dieser Bearbeitung sind in den Band zwei in Hexametern verfasste lateinische Gedichte, das Textfragment »Geschichte des Klosters Bebenhausen« sowie Auslegungen von klassischen griechischen Autoren wie Isocrates und Pindar aufgenommen.

Philosophy of nature --- Idealism, German

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En 1797, le jeune Schelling se voit confier la tâche de recenser la Doctrine de la science de Fichte et de défendre la cause de l’idéalisme transcendantal. Le souci de corriger les malentendus auxquels la réception de la Critique de la raison pure a donné lieu du vivant même de Kant et de répondre aux objections sceptiques qu’elle a suscitées le conduisent cependant à élargir sa philosophie du Moi en une véritable philosophie de l’esprit, qui l’éloigne sensiblement de la perspective fichtéenne. L’approfondissement de l’auto-intuition de l’esprit, seul à même de fonder la réalité de notre savoir, le conduit alors à poser les bases de sa future philosophie de la nature et à dessiner les contours d’un système universel de la raison. L’idée de retracer histoire des différents états à travers lesquels l’esprit parvient peu à peu à l’intuition de soi montrera bientôt sa fécondité quand elle donnera le jour au premier système intrinsèquement historique et, pour tout dire, au premier système de l’idéalisme allemand.

Idéalisme allemand --- --Philosophie allemande --- --Idéalisme allemand --- --Idealism, German --- Philosophy, German --- Philosophie allemande --- Idealism, German

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Volume 13 is the second improved and corrected edition of Schellings first main work on the philosophy of nature. Schelling gave it a new subtitle Als Einleitung in das Studium dieser Wissenschaft (As an Introduction to the Study of This Science), i.e. the philosophy of nature. Further to the edition in volume 5, this volume contains all additions and other versions of the second edition (whose known printings have been collated). A new editorial report and new explanatory annotations enhance the accessibility of those additions significant for identity philosophy.

Idealism, German --- Epistemology --- Metaphysics --- Ontology --- Philosophy of nature

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At the heart of Immanuel Kant's critical philosophy is an epistemological and metaphysical position he calls transcendental idealism; the aim of this book is to understand this position. Despite the centrality of transcendental idealism in Kant's thinking, in over two hundred years since the publication of the first Critique there is still no agreement on how to interpret the position, or even on whether, and in what sense, it is a metaphysical position. Lucy Allais argue that Kant's distinction between things in themselves and things as they appear to us has both epistemological and metaphysical components. He is committed to a genuine idealism about things as they appear to us, but this is not a phenomenalist idealism. He is committed to the claim that there is an aspect of reality that grounds mind-dependent spatio-temporal objects, and which we cannot cognize, but he does not assert the existence of distinct non-spatio-temporal objects. A central part of Allais's reading involves paying detailed attention to Kant's notion of intuition, and its role in cognition. She understands Kantian intuitions as representations that give us acquaintance with the objects of thought. Kant's idealism can be understood as limiting empirical reality to that with which we can have acquaintance. He thinks that this empirical reality is mind-dependent in the sense that it is not experience-transcendent, rather than holding that it exists literally in our minds. Reading intuition in this way enables us to make sense of Kant's central argument for his idealism in the Transcendental Aesthetic, and to see why he takes the complete idealist position to be established there. This shows that reading a central part of his argument in the Transcendental Deduction as epistemological is compatible with a metaphysical, idealist reading of transcendental idealism.

Idealism --- Transcendentalism --- Banality (Philosophy) --- Idealism, German --- Kant, Immanuel, - 1724-1804