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The buzz around Internet of Things (IoT) has gathered momentum but the IoT phenomenon is poorly understood by governments and businesses. Governments are under pressure to become more innovative, evidence-based, and collaborative and IoT seems to offer opportunities such as increased competitiveness and innovation, and regulatory improvements that reduce the burden on business and increase compliance. In this report we examine the evidence on the ground to see how the theoretical potential of IoT implementation matches up with the reality on the ground and what can we learn from government agencies at the forefront of IoT implementation. The report draws on lessons from cities around the world (Germany, UK, Luxembourg, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Finland, Canada, USA, Japan, UAE, and India); it also provides a review of the IoT marketplace. The questions it answers include - what is IoT and why should governments care, how are different cities implementing IoT based solutions, and what are the main policy and other implications for government to fully utilize the potential of the technology while managing the associated risks and challenges? Findings include the fact that IoT implementation is still nascent in governments, the business models to scale pilots are still under-developed, the policy environment remains very patchy, and there is need to invest in digital capacity, data practices, and IoT infrastructure. The report includes a rough toolkit for government agencies.

E-Business --- E-Commerce --- E-Government --- Governance --- Ict Applications --- Ict Policy and Strategies --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Private Sector Development

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This evaluation's objective was to assess how effectively the World Bank has supported development data production, sharing, and use, and to suggest ways to improve its approach. This evaluation defines development data as data produced by country systems, the World Bank, or third parties on countries' social, economic, and environmental issues. At the global level, the World Bank has a strong reputation in development data and has been highly effective in data production. It produces influential, widely used data and cross-country indicators that fill important niches, benchmark countries, and stimulate research and policy action. The World Bank has also taken a prominent leadership role in global data partnerships so far. However, the World Bank needs to determine its future role carefully because the global partnership landscape is becoming more uncertain-as old partnerships phase out, the complementarity of new partnerships is unclear. This makes the World Bank's future role especially pivotal because the sustainability of funding from global data partnerships at both the national level and for some global data efforts is at risk. Without sustained funding, past progress will be in jeopardy, as observed in some countries where data quality worsened when trust fund support ended. At the national level, the World Bank has been mostly effective at fostering its client countries' data production through its own financing and through financing from small trust fund grants. It has been less effective in promoting data sharing; while the World Bank has used its leverage in some of its client countries, it needs to do a better job at encouraging other countries to share data. The World Bank has been even less effective in promoting data use by governments and citizens. The World Bank's systemwide approach to building the capacity of national statistical organizations yielded significant successes in countries where it was deployed, and it should now add a focus on building subnational capacity and strengthening client countries' administrative data systems. The World Bank needs to make sure it clearly understands when and how big data can complement traditional data in answering key development questions related to its mission, and use big data analytics appropriately to underpin its own decisions and to ensure that it supports its country clients effectively in big data use. The World Bank still needs to address the implications for organizing big data work internally, entering into corporate agreements with private providers (typically the producers of big data), and seriously considering and addressing privacy and ethical concerns related to big data use.

Big Data --- Digital Divide --- ICT Applications --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Science and Technology Development

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Big data solutions have the potential to accelerate the work of our teams by deriving timely, accurate, and actionable insights from alternative data sources in order to close data gaps and inform policymaking. For example, pilot projects underway in the Trade and Competitiveness practice are exploring the use of data science techniques to harness publicly available government and commercial data to aid competition authorities in detecting cartels and other anti-competitive practices. We are also mining Internet data to measure innovative economic activity in cities, so agencies can make better informed policy decisions and, we are collecting regulatory data to classify and assess the impacts of non-tariff measures on economies and their competitiveness. This paper, prepared in collaboration with Deloitte and with other global practices within the Bank Group, highlights data-driven pilot projects underway in the Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice and shares compelling cases of how big data is changing the way we look at the challenges countries are facing and how we can best support them.

Big Data --- City Development Strategies --- Export Competitiveness --- Ict Applications --- Information and Communication Technologies --- International Trade and Trade Rules --- Trade --- Trade Policy --- Urban Development

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The recent global diffusion of new technologies, combined with the use of big data analytics, can help policymakers promote the effective development of future cities that provide living and work environments in which citizens can thrive. In particular, innovative applications of geospatial and sensing technologies and the penetration of mobile phone technology are providing unprecedented data collection This data can be analyzed for many purposes, including tracking population and mobility, private sector investment, and transparency in federal and local government. To help development practitioners within and beyond the World Bank take advantage of these trends, this brief profiles a sample of big data applications to support improved urban development in low- and middle-income countries. It also cites potential opportunities for big data analytics to help developing nations achieve sustainable urban growth, while reducing the economic differential with high-income countries.

Big Data --- City Development Strategies --- Crowdsourcing --- Ict Applications --- Ict Data and Statistics --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Technology --- Law and Development --- Law Enforcement Systems --- Social Inclusion --- Social Media --- Transport --- Urban Crime --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development --- Urbanization