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The IMF is a purposive actor in world politics, primarily driven by a set of homogenous economic ideas, Stephen C. Nelson suggests, and its professional staff emerged from an insular set of American-trained economists. The IMF treats countries differently depending on whether that staff trusts the country's top officials; that trust in turn depends on the educational credentials of the policy team that Fund officials face across the negotiating table. Intellectual differences thus lead to lasting economic effects for the citizens of countries seeking IMF support.Based on deep archival research in IMF archives and personnel files, Nelson argues that the IMF has been the Johnny Appleseed of neoliberalism: neoliberal policymakers sprout and take root in countries that have spent recent decades living under the Fund's conditional lending arrangements. Nelson supports his argument through quantitative measures and illustrates the dynamics of relations between the Fund and client countries in a detailed examination of newly available archives of four periods in Argentina's long and often bitter relations with the IMF. The Currency of Confidence ends with Nelson's examination of how the IMF emerged from the global financial crisis as an unexpected victor.
Loans, Foreign --- Financial crises --- Neoliberalism --- Neo-liberalism --- Liberalism --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Loans --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- International Monetary Fund. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- E-books --- 333.432.8 --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- Neoliberalism. --- Financial crises. --- Loans, Foreign. --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten
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This Selected Issues paper assesses the external stability of Niger. Niger’s real effective exchange rate has been depreciating recently, echoing fluctuations of the euro against the US dollar. A model-based analysis of Niger’s external sector suggests that the real effective exchange rate is broadly in line with macroeconomic fundamentals, which is also consistent with the findings of the 2014 external sector assessment. However, broader competitiveness indicators are worrisome, despite some improvement noted in recent years. The recent depreciation of the naira also suggests some weakening in competitiveness, at least with Nigeria.
Economic development --- Balance of payments --- Loans, Foreign --- Natural resources --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Loans --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- Current account balance (International trade) --- International payments, Balance of --- Foreign exchange --- Terms of trade --- Balance of trade --- International liquidity --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Economic aspects --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Natural Disasters --- Demography --- Women''s Studies' --- Gender Studies --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Demographic Economics: General --- Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts --- Climate --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Global Warming --- Education: General --- Population & demography --- Natural disasters --- Education --- Gender studies --- women & girls --- Population & migration geography --- Population and demographics --- Women --- Population growth --- Environment --- Gender --- Population --- Demographic transition --- Niger --- Women & girls --- Women's Studies
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