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Electroluminescent devices.

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The revised edition of this important book presents updated and expanded coverage of light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on heteroepitaxial GaN on Si substrates, and includes new chapters on tunnel junction LEDs, green/yellow LEDs, and ultraviolet LEDs. Over the last two decades, significant progress has been made in the growth, doping and processing technologies of III-nitride based semiconductors, leading to considerable expectations for nitride semiconductors across a wide range of applications. LEDs are already used in traffic signals, signage lighting, and automotive applications, with the ultimate goal of the global replacement of traditional incandescent and fluorescent lamps, thus reducing energy consumption and cutting down on carbon-dioxide emission. However, some critical issues must be addressed to allow the further improvements required for the large-scale realization of solid-state lighting, and this book aims to provide the readers with details of some contemporary issues on which the performance of LEDs is seriously dependent. Most importantly, it describes why there must be a breakthrough in the growth of high-quality nitride semiconductor epitaxial layers with a low density of dislocations, in particular, in the growth of Al-rich and In-rich GaN-based semiconductors. The quality of materials is directly dependent on the substrates used, such as sapphire and Si, and the book discusses these as well as topics such as efficiency droop, growth in different orientations, polarization, and chip processing and packaging technologies. Offering an overview of the state of the art in III-Nitride LED science and technology, the book will be a core reference for researchers and engineers involved with the developments of solid state lighting, and required reading for students entering the field.

Physics. --- Semiconductors. --- Microwaves. --- Optical engineering. --- Applied and Technical Physics. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Light emitting diodes. --- Nitrides. --- LEDs (Light emitting diodes) --- Heat resistant alloys --- Surface hardening --- Diodes, Semiconductor --- Electroluminescent devices --- LED lamps --- Light-emitting electrochemical cells --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Crystalline semiconductors --- Semi-conductors --- Semiconducting materials --- Semiconductor devices --- Crystals --- Electrical engineering --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Mechanical engineering --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Materials

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This book presents the recent achievements towards the next generation of Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEC). Its first part focus on the definition, history and mechanism of LEC, going then to concepts and challenges and, finally, giving the reader examples of current application of new electroluminescent materials. The chapters are written by different international groups working on LEC.

Light emitting diodes. --- Light-emitting electrochemical cells. --- Cells, Light-emitting electrochemical --- Electrochemical cells, Light-emitting --- LECs (Light-emitting electrochemical cells) --- LEECs (Light-emitting electrochemical cells) --- LEDs (Light emitting diodes) --- Materials science. --- Electrochemistry. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Materials Science. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Electroluminescent devices --- Light emitting diodes --- Diodes, Semiconductor --- LED lamps --- Light-emitting electrochemical cells --- Chemistry. --- Physical sciences --- Optics --- Materials --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Electronic materials --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Physics