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Economic history.

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Economic history.

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After the Second World War, the economies of advanced Countries have long been characterized by inclusive economic growth. In recent decades, on the other hand, there has been a steady increase in inequalities and a worsening for low-income social groups. What is the possibility of rebuilding a more inclusive development like that of the post-war three decades? Is it a viable road? And under what conditions? Or should we instead speculate that divorce is inevitable between economic growth and social cohesion in advanced democracies? There is no sure answer to this question, but it can be a good exercise, especially for those who believe that inclusive development is an essential component of the quality and stability of democracies, asking themselves under what conditions we can try to pursue this goal. The path proposed in this text focuses, in a comparative key, on the significant differences in the forms of economic and social regulation between the various advanced democracies that are reflected in more or less inclusive development paths and models of capitalism. Why have some countries managed to better defend the conditions for inclusive development over the past three decades? Through which economic and social regulatory choices? Moreover, another overlooked question is worth asking. How has politics created consensus around these choices and made them possible, while in other contexts it has supported growth accompanied by greater inequalities? What is certain is that giving up the goal of finding a more satisfactory balance between economic growth and social cohesion not only jeopardizes economic development, but also weakens and impoverishes democratic institutions.

Economic history.

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This textbook traces the evolution of economic ideas from the ancient to the modern world by examining the contributions of the most important scholars to some of the most important ideas in economics.It provides topics that are important for the understanding of contemporary economic issues. This includes ethical foundations of modern economics; ideas regarding property rights; price theory; money and interest; public finance; the theories of business cycles and economic growth; international trade; and issues related to population and resource use. The book's originality lies in its overall organization, which allows readers to explore the development of ideas on a specific topic in detail.

Economic history.

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How was the Soviet Union like a soup kitchen? In this important and highly revisionist work, historian Sheila Fitzpatrick explains that a reimagining of the Communist state as a provider of goods for the ‘deserving poor’ can be seen as a powerful metaphor for understanding Soviet life as a whole. By positioning the state both as a provider and as a relief agency, Fitzpatrick establishes it as not so much a prison (the metaphor favoured by many of her predecessors), but more the agency that made possible a way of life. Fitzpatrick’s real claim to originality, however, is to look at the relationship between the all-powerful totalitarian government and its own people from both sides – and to demonstrate that the Soviet people were not totally devoid of either agency or resources. Rather, they successfully developed practices that helped them to navigate everyday life at a time of considerable danger and multiple shortages. For many, Fitzpatrick shows, becoming an informer and reporting fellow citizens – even family and friends – to the state was a successful survival strategy. Fitzpatrick's work is noted mainly as an example of the critical thinking skill of reasoning; she marshals evidence and arguments to deliver a highly persuasive revisionist description of everyday life in Soviet time. However, her book has been criticized for the way in which it deals with possible counter-arguments, not least the charge that many of the interviewees on whose experiences she bases much of her analysis were not typical products of the Soviet system.

Economic history.