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The ease with which workers can move between sectors has a strong impact on the effects on labor markets of shocks such as changes in world prices or migration flows. This paper introduces an approach to labor mobility with frictions under which worker capabilities (their efficiencies in different sectors) depend on their sector affiliation. If workers in sector a move to sector a', their efficiency shortfall due to a capability misfit compared to what is needed in a' (and possessed by workers already in a') is measured by a proximity parameter, 0 ? proxa,a' ? 1. If proxa, a' < 1, the efficient quantity reaching a' is below the physical quantity. In this setting, profit-maximizing producers are willing to pay the same wage per efficiency unit irrespective of worker origin and thus pay less efficient workers a lower wage per physical unit. This approach to labor mobility is tested in a static CGE model that is applied to an illustrative sub-Saharan African dataset with sector proximities defined using the approach of the product-space literature. Simulations of positive export price shocks show that, the higher the proximities, the stronger the labor reallocation and the welfare gains.
Computable General Equilibrium Models --- Development Planning And Policy --- Factor Mobility --- Labor Mobility --- Wage Differentials
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Der Begriff der Aneignung erlebt in Diskursen zu Theorie, Praxis und Politik der Stadtentwicklung ein Revival: Angesichts der Dynamiken spätmoderner Ökonomie und Politik geht es um die Verfügbarkeit und den selbstbestimmten Gebrauch von städtischem Raum und Lebenszeit. Dieser Diskurs schließt auch das »Selber machen« von urbanen Freiräumen mit ein, »Stadtentwicklung von unten« soll die urbanen Freiräume von morgen bestimmen. Bereits nach der Planungseuphorie der 1950/60er Jahre lenkte man den Blick auf »andere« Akteure der Produktion und des Gebrauchs von urbanen Freiräumen. Dieses Buch widmet sich der vergleichenden Betrachtung der damaligen und aktuellen Theorien über die Aneignung von urbanen Freiräumen in verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen. »Eine erfrischende, weil gerade nicht allein auf Innovation ausgerichtete Lektüre zur Aneignungsdebatte.« Ulrike Mackrodt, sciendo, 77/1 (2019) »Das Buch liefert zahlreiche aktuelle und historische Beispiele sowie exemplarische Forschungsergebnisse.« Bettina Oppermann, Stadt+Grün, 9 (2017) »Für die planenden Professionen ist es ein Buch, das zum Nachdenken anregt, die Nicht-Experten könnte es motivieren, genauer hinzuschauen, z.B. auf Restflächen und deren Gebrauch, auf Zwischennutzungen und Diskrepanzen zwischen Raumplanung und Raumnutzung zu achten und sich Stadtraum anzueignen. Das Buch sei allen empfohlen, die sich für die Fragen interessieren, wie und von wem öffentliche Räume in der Stadt gestaltet werden.« Antje Flade, www.socialnet.de, 04.09.2017 Besprochen in: Stadt und Raum, 4 (2017) https://stadtundgruen.de, 07.09.2017, Bettina Oppermann landschaftsarchitekten, 4 (2017) Stadt und Raum, 1 (2019) zoll+, 29/34 (2019)
Aneignung; Freiräume; Stadtentwicklung; Planung; Theorie; Praxis; Politik; Ökonomie; Stadt; Zivilgesellschaft; Raum; Urban Studies; Soziologie; Appropriation Strategies; Open Space; City Development; Planning; Theory; Practice; Politics; Economy; City; Civil Society; Space; Sociology; --- City Development. --- City. --- Civil Society. --- Economy. --- Open Space. --- Planning. --- Politics. --- Practice. --- Sociology. --- Space. --- Theory. --- Urban Studies.
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Korea is facing mounting economic challenges. Productivity growth has been on a trend decline amid demographic headwinds, while the societal demand for inclusive growth has been on a steep rise. Furthermore, the government-led unbalanced growth model—which served Korea well in the past—has become less effective and politically palatable in recent years. As such, Korea needs a major paradigm shift to embark on a new sustainable and inclusive growth path. But policy response has been modest at best with no major reforms being implemented over the past two decades. We propose a paradigm shift in Korea’s economic framework, involving a simultaneous big push for greater economic freedom and stronger social protection within the parameters set by long-run fiscal sustainability. We also provide a detailed account of structural reforms to boost economic freedom and sustainable funding plans for stronger social protection.
Labor --- Macroeconomics --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Development Planning and Policy: General --- Innovation --- Research and Development --- Technological Change --- Intellectual Property Rights: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Education: General --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Education --- Structural reforms --- Income --- Labor markets --- Macrostructural analysis --- National accounts --- Income inequality --- Labor economics --- Labor market --- Income distribution --- Korea, Republic of
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While trade integration has been an engine of global growth and prosperity, as suggested by theory, some sectors have been negatively affected by increased import competition. We test if this negative effect is significant in a context of high intranational migration, as theory indicates that labor mobility could reduce it. We focus on the 2004-14 period of trade liberalization in Peru (a major beneficiary of trade integration), which allows for methodological improvements relative to similar studies. We find that districts competing with liberalized imports experienced significantly lower growth in consumption per capita despite some emigration in response to increased import competition. This underscores the need to support the “losers of trade liberalization” even amidst high labor mobility.
Free trade --- Free trade. --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- International trade --- E-books --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Taxation --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Measurement and Analysis of Poverty --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Infrastructure --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Trade: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Geographic Labor Mobility --- Immigrant Workers --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Poverty & precarity --- Labour --- income economics --- Tariffs --- Imports --- Poverty --- Labor mobility --- Taxes --- Tariff --- Commercial policy --- Peru
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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book aims to inspire decision makers and practitioners to change their approach to climate planning in the tropics through the application of modern technologies for characterizing local climate and tracking vulnerability and risk, and using decision-making tools. Drawing on 16 case studies conducted mainly in the Caribbean, Central America, Western and Eastern Africa, and South East Asia it is shown how successful integration of traditional and modern knowledge can enhance disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change in the tropics. The case studies encompass both rural and urban settings and cover different scales: rural communities, cities, and regions. In addition, the book looks to the future of planning by addressing topics of major importance, including residual risk integration in local development plans, damage insurance and the potential role of climate vulnerability reduction credits. In many regions of the tropics, climate planning is growing but has still very low quality. This book identifies the weaknesses and proposes effective solutions.
Geography. --- Climate change. --- Remote sensing. --- Environmental management. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Environmental Management. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Environmental aspects --- Climatic changes. --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Global environmental change --- planning --- environmental risk analysis --- disaster risk reduction --- climate vulnerability --- tropical climate management --- decision making --- adaptation --- urban resilience --- climate change --- Social planning --- Environmental economics. --- Economics --- Environmental quality --- Social development planning --- Planning --- Economic aspects
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This book invites readers to think about future directions in social development. The book succinctly presents the historical context and progress of social development. By reflecting on the Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals, it discusses the increasing global relevance of several critical themes and issues such as human rights and good governance, participation, peace, gender, environment, religion and spirituality, aging, social protection and partnership. It appreciates the importance of goals and targets, but calls to look beyond them to visualise future directions in social development. The book argues that values-driven social development need to focus on knowledge creation, dissemination and training, draw on multidisciplinary knowledge and professionals, promote conscientious consumption, creating less unequal societies and engage in innovation that brings happiness to everyone.
Social planning. --- Socialization. --- Child socialization --- Children --- Enculturation --- Social education --- Social development planning --- Socialization --- Education --- Sociology --- Planning --- Comparative politics. --- Economic development. --- Social change. --- Poverty. --- Religion and sociology. --- Social justice. --- Comparative Politics. --- Development and Social Change. --- Development Aid. --- Social Aspects of Religion. --- Social Justice, Equality and Human Rights. --- Equality --- Justice --- Religion and society --- Religious sociology --- Society and religion --- Sociology, Religious --- Sociology and religion --- Sociology of religion --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Political science --- Human rights. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation
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We develop new economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices for Japan from January 1987 onwards building on the approach of Baker, Bloom and Davis (2016). Each index reflects the frequency of newspaper articles that contain certain terms pertaining to the economy, policy matters and uncertainty. Our overall EPU index co-varies positively with implied volatilities for Japanese equities, exchange rates and interest rates and with a survey-based measure of political uncertainty. The EPU index rises around contested national elections and major leadership transitions in Japan, during the Asian Financial Crisis and in reaction to the Lehman Brothers failure, U.S. debt downgrade in 2011, Brexit referendum, and Japan’s recent decision to defer a consumption tax hike. Our uncertainty indices for fiscal, monetary, trade and exchange rate policy co-vary positively but also display distinct dynamics. VAR models imply that upward EPU innovations foreshadow deteriorations in Japan’s macroeconomic performance, as reflected by impulse response functions for investment, employment and output. Our study adds to evidence that credible policy plans and strong policy frameworks can favorably influence macroeconomic performance by, in part, reducing policy uncertainty.
Japan --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Economic conditions --- Econometric models. --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Public Finance --- Macroeconomics --- Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General --- Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Monetary Policy --- Fiscal Policy --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Financial Crises --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Financial crises --- Fiscal policy --- Exchange rate policy --- Trade policy --- Public debt --- Global financial crisis of 2008-2009 --- Commercial policy --- Debts, Public --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009
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