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Dangerous Diplomacy' examines and reassesses the role of the UN Secretariat in the Rwandan genocide. With the help of new sources, including the personal diaries and private papers of the late Sir Marrack Goulding, an Under-Secretary-General from 1988 to 1997, this book situates the Rwanda operation within the context of bureaucratic friction existing at Headquarters in the early 1990s between the Department of Political Affairs (DPA) and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO). The book argues that these two units clashed not only over resources but also over the nature of peacekeeping and the 'political' limits of the Secretary-General's role. Importantly, the book also identifies the conceptual origins of the DPA/DPKO split in the gray area that separates peacebuilding and peacekeeping. The volume shows how and why power politics between global players, along with the porous borders between peacekeeping and peacebuilding, contributed to the Rwanda tragedy.

Genocide --- History --- Goulding, Marrack. --- United Nations. --- United Nations Uganda. --- Rwanda --- Génocide des Tutsi (1994) --- Goulding, Marrack, --- Nations Unies.‏ ‎ --- Nations Unies‏. ‎ --- Nations Unies. --- International relations. Foreign policy --- United Nations --- anno 1990-1999 --- Nations Unies --- Génocide des Tutsi (1994)

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L'Accord de Paris met en place un processus pour tenter de préserver l'avenir mais également le présent de la planète. Cependant, cet Accord ne doit pas être lu comme un objet isolé, séparé du mouvement dans lequel il s'insère, il convient de le situer dans "un mouvement sans lequel il n'existerait pas". Il "n'est pas à lui-même sa propre finalité, mais fait partie d'un processus qui doit être régulièrement actualisé". L'Accord de Paris se pose ainsi comme un texte en mouvement, un texte évolutif et non comme une fin en soi. L'Accord en lui-même peut quelque peu décevoir car il ne pose pas d'obligation juridique à proprement parler et, parce qu'il laisse toute initiative dans les mains, des actions volontaires, des pays signataires. Mais nous n'avons pas voulu rester sur cette lecture et nous avons voulu aller en deçà du texte afin de mieux comprendre d'une part d'où il vient et d'autre part l'étendue du mouvement dont il fait partie. Il semblait ainsi important de poser la question de la portée juridique de l'Accord de Paris et de ses suites. Mais pour bien saisir les différentes perspectives d'avenir de l'Accord, il fallait d'abord faire un bilan de ce qu'il contenait et, surtout, de la manière dont il avait été préparé en amont, depuis 2011 lors de la COP à Durban. Les perspectives de l'Accord de Paris peuvent ainsi s'annoncer prometteuses à l'égard de trois questions essentielles : en premier lieu, la question de la solidarité entre pays développés et en voie de développement, deuxièmement, la question de la coopération entre les Etats et le secteur privé et enfin, la question de la responsabilité vis-à-vis du changement climatique. Ces trois notions, si elles apparaissent en filigrane dans l'Accord, n'en sont pas moins présentes et se résument bien dans une notion clé qui émerge dans le Préambule : celle de Justice climatique. La justice climatique, concept pas encore bien défini mais qui aurait un pendant pragmatique et opérationnel, concrétisé par l'émergence d'un contentieux climatique un peu partout dans le monde. Autant de notions, on le voit, qui apparaissent, se réajustent, évoluent afin de mieux adapter le droit à la contrainte climatique. Cet ouvrage s'interroge ainsi sur l'émergence de nouveaux concepts dans le sillage de l'Accord ainsi que sur l'avenir des dynamiques ainsi créées. Sous la direction de Marta Torre-Schaub, cet ouvrage résolument interdisciplinaire, réunit des grands spécialistes du changement climatique et des négociations internationales en matière environnementale, pour poser leurs regards croisés sur l'Accord de Paris à partir du droit, de la philosophie et des sciences du climat.

Politique de l'environnement --- Climat --- Environnement --- Coopération internationale --- Changements --- Aspect politique --- Droit international --- Nations Unies. --- Coopération internationale. --- Aspect politique. --- Droit international. --- Climatic changes --- Greenhouse gas mitigation --- Global warming --- Environmental law, International --- Environmental justice --- Environmental justice. --- Environmental law, International. --- Law and legislation --- Law and legislation. --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992 May 9) --- Gaz à effet de serre --- Réchauffement de la Terre --- Environnement (Droit international) --- Justice environnementale --- Droit --- Réduction --- Nations Unies --- Coopération internationale.

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Examines the influence of international organizations since the First World War, and explores how they have acted on behalf of, and at times instead of, states in the international arena. The International Labour Organization, the United Nations, and the World Bank are examined in depth.

International agencies. --- International law. --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Associations, International --- IGOs (Intergovernmental organizations) --- Institutions, International --- Intergovernmental organizations --- International administration --- International associations --- International governmental organizations --- International institutions --- International organizations --- International unions --- Organizations, International --- Specialized agencies of the United Nations --- International cooperation --- Interorganizational relations --- Non-state actors (International relations) --- International organization --- Inter-governmental organizations --- Internationale Arbeitsorganisation --- Vereinte Nationen --- Weltbank --- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development --- Banque Internationale pour la Reconstruction et le Développement --- Internationale Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung --- IBRD --- Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement --- BIRD --- Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento --- BIRF --- Mirovoj bank rekonstrukcii i razvitija --- Banque mondiale --- Banca Mondială --- Banco Mundial --- Shijie-Yinhang --- Guoji-Fuxing-Kaifa-Yinhang --- Mirovoj bank --- Svetová Banka --- Világbank --- Svitovyj Bank --- <> Bank ad-Duwalī --- Vsemirnyj Bank --- Sekai-Ginkō --- Maailmapank --- Svetska Banka --- Svetovna Banka --- World Bank --- World Bank Group --- Banca di Ricostruzione e Sviluppo --- Banca Internationala pentru Reconstructie si Dezvoltare --- Världsbanken --- Verdensbanken --- Welt Bank --- United Nations --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- Nazioni Unite --- Groupe de la Banque Mondiale --- Meždunarodnyj Bank dlja Rekonstrukcij i Razvitija --- Banque Mondiale --- Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung --- Bank for Reconstruction and Development --- Bank für internationalen Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung --- Wb --- Entwicklungsbank --- Internationale Bank --- USA --- Washington, DC --- Weltbankgruppe --- 1945 --- -Nations Unies --- Vereinigte Nationen --- VN --- UN --- United Nations Organization --- UNO --- Organismos Enōmenōn Ethnōn --- OEE --- Yhdistyneet Kansakunnat --- YK --- Organizace Spojených Národ°u --- OSN --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szervezet --- ENSZ --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Förenta Nationerna --- FN --- Obʺedinennye Nacii --- Organizacija Obʺedinennych Nacij --- OON --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- ONU --- Ujedinjene Nacije --- Kokuren --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Enōmena Ethnē --- Egyesült Nemzetek --- Organizat̜ia Nat̜iunilor Unite --- Birleşmiş Milletler --- Birikken Ulüttar --- Milal-i Muttaḥida --- Verenigde Naties --- Kokusai-Rengō --- Jungtinės Tautos --- Lianheguo --- Arhanizacyja Ab'jadnanych Nacyj --- <> Umam al-Muttaḥida --- Internationale staatliche Organisation --- New York, NY --- 26.06.1945 --- -Organisation internationale du travail --- International Labour Organization --- ILO --- IAO --- International Labour Organisation --- Organización Internacional del Trabajo --- Organização Internacional do Trabalho --- OIT --- Organizzazione internazionale del lavoro --- OIL --- Mie̜dzynarodowa Organizacja Pracy --- MOP --- Meždunarodnaja Organizacija Truda --- MOT --- Kokusai-Rōdō-Jimukyoku --- Kokusai-Rōdō-Kyoku --- Organizzazione permanente del lavoro --- Organização International do Trabalho --- Munaẓẓamat al-ʿAmal ad-Duwalīya --- Sozialpolitik --- Internationale Organisation --- Genf --- Kanton Genf --- Montréal --- Kanada --- Internationales Arbeitsamt --- 28.06.1919 --- -International agencies.

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This work examines local ownership in UN peacekeeping and how national and international actors interact and share responsibility in fragile post-conflict contexts.

Peacekeeping forces. --- United Nations --- Peacekeeping (Military science) --- Peacekeeping operations --- Armed Forces --- International police --- Peace-building --- UNO --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- UN --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций

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This book is based on the author´s experience of working for more than two decades in over thirty conflict and post-conflict zones. It is written for those involved in UN peacekeeping and the protection of civilians. It is intended to be accessible to non- lawyers working in the field who may need to know the applicable legal standards relating to issues such as the use of force and arrest and detention powers on the one hand and the delivery of life-saving assistance according to humanitarian principles on the other. It will also be of interest to scholars and students of peacekeeping, international law and international relations on the practical dilemmas facing those trying to operationalise the various conceptions of 'protection' during humanitarian crises in recent years.

War --- Protection of civilians --- War (International law) --- Protection of civilians. --- United Nations --- UNO --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- UN --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций --- Peacekeeping forces.