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Environment --- Kazakhstan

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Astana, the capital city of the post-Soviet Kazakhstan, has often been admired for the design and planning of its futuristic cityscape. This anthropological study of the development of the city focuses on every-day practices, official ideologies and representations alongside the memories and dreams of the city's longstanding residents and recent migrants. Critically examining a range of approaches to place and space in anthropology, geography and other disciplines, the book argues for an understanding of space as inextricably material-and-imaginary, and unceasingly dynamic – allowing for a plurality of incompatible pasts and futures materialized in spatial form.

Urban renewal --- Group identity --- Sociology, Urban --- Astana (Kazakhstan) --- Social conditions. --- Civilization. --- Kazakhstan, Astana, Urban Studies, Capital Cities, Post-Soviet, Modernization, Urbanism.

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National intellectual property (IP) systems can play a pivotal role in fostering innovation and knowledge diffusion. This report analyses Kazakhstan’s IP system with regards to its support of the country’s innovation performance. In particular, it assesses the organisation and governance of Kazakhstan's IP system as well as the needs and challenges faced by different groups of actual and potential IP users – ranging from universities and public research institutions to state-owned enterprises and small businesses. The review provides a comprehensive set of statistics describing the use of IP in Kazakhstan in recent years, identifies the system’s strengths and weaknesses, and presents a range of specific policy recommendations to address existing challenges.

Intellectual property --- Government policy --- IP (Intellectual property) --- Proprietary rights --- Rights, Proprietary --- Intangible property --- Law and legislation --- Kazakhstan

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Kazachstan to państwo wyjątkowe na obszarze postsowieckim. Jest krajem autorytarnym i uchodzi za bliskiego sojusznika Rosji, mimo to dąży do modernizacji i poszukuje nowych, nieobciążonych sowieckością modeli rozwoju, co w praktyce coraz bardziej go od Moskwy oddala. Obecnie Kazachstan znajduje się na drodze do wielopłaszczyznowego kryzysu o charakterze społecznym, politycznym i gospodarczym. Próbą wyhamowania tej tendencji jest inicjowana przez prezydenta Nazarbajewa przebudowa państwa, przypominająca pierestrojkę lat osiemdziesiątych. Celem Nazarbajewa jest przekształcenie i usprawnienie systemu tak, aby zwiększyć zdolność państwa do przetrwania i zachowania dotychczasowego dorobku. W tym celu próbuje on wybiórczo kopiować zachodnie rozwiązania bez zasadniczego naruszania autorytarnego charakteru reżimu. Realizację reform utrudnia współtworzony przez niego samego porządek polityczno-społeczny w Kazachstanie, a także opór biurokracji, grup polityczno-biznesowych i podziały przecinające społeczeństwo. W obecnych realiach Kazachstanu wprowadzanie reform jest tak samo niebezpieczne, jak ich zaniechanie. Pierestrojka to zatem ryzykowna próba ucieczki przed kryzysem i osuwaniem się w cywilizacyjny cień Rosji.

Politics / Political Sciences --- Politics --- Government/Political systems --- Developing nations --- Nazarbaev, Nursultan. --- Kazakhstan --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions

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Kazakhstan’s economy and society have undergone deep transformations since the country declared independence in 1991. Kazakhstan’s growth performance since 2000 has been impressive, averaging almost 8% per annum in real terms and leading to job creation and progress in the well-being of its citizens. Extractive industries play an important role in the dynamism of the economy, but sources of growth beyond natural resource sectors remain underexploited. In the social arena, dimensions of well-being beyond incomes and jobs have not kept pace with economic growth. Kazakhstan has set itself the goal of becoming one of the 30 most developed countries in the world by 2050. To sustain rapid, inclusive and sustainable growth and social progress, Kazakhstan will need to overcome a number of significant challenges. Natural-resource dependency, the concentration of economic clout and a fragile and underdeveloped financial sector limit diversification and economic dynamism. Widespread corruption still affects multiple state functions, undermines the business environment, meritocracy and entrepreneurial spirit. More generally, the state has limited capacity to fulfil some of its functions, which affects the delivery of public services like health and education, as well as the protection of the environment and the generation of skills.

Development --- Kazakhstan --- Sustainable development --- History. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Environmental aspects