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This education sector public expenditure review (PER) aims to respond to policy questions on the mind of the Jordanian Ministry of Education (MOE) using data readily available to the Ministry as well as common analytical techniques. Despite impressive achievements in terms of access to education, policymakers in Jordan are keenly aware of the relatively low student learning outcomes in the country. This PER uses available MOE Education Management Information System (EMIS) and Ministry of Finance (MOF) budget data, in addition to other readily available sources of data, to shed light on the performance of the Jordanian education system and address policymakers' concerns. The EMIS currently includes data by school on numbers of teachers and students; physical attributes such as land area, buildings, and classrooms; in addition to the school's geographic location, type, and supervising authority. The present EMIS therefore allows for relatively detailed analysis of the Jordanian schooling system, as will be shown in this report. However, the EMIS also entails shortcomings, as it does not allow for calculation of repetition and drop-out rates, for example, nor does it include any school financial data. The present report begins by describing the achievements as well as shortcomings of Jordan's education system (Section two); Section three describes the current education learning environment, including some detail on the basic system attributes of school size, class size, and student-teacher ratio; Section four then turns to public education spending and its allocation across capital and recurrent spending, as well as the costs associated with the Syrian crisis; Section five hones in on teacher compensation in particular, given its large share in spending; and Section six provides resulting recommendations and international good practice for policymakers' consideration.

Economics of Education --- Education --- Education Finance --- Primary Education --- Secondary Education

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The purpose of systems approach for better education results (SABER) - equity and inclusion (E and I) is to help countries ensure that all children go to school and learn. This paper is part of a suite of what matters papers published under the SABER initiative. SABER was launched by the World Bank to help governments systematically examine and strengthen the performance of their education systems so that all children and youth can be equipped with knowledge and skills for life. SABER is organized around a dozen different domains that collect data on country policies in education. This paper is about E and I in education systems. The paper first provides a quick diagnostic of where countries stand in terms of E and I; why E and I matters for the eradication of extreme poverty, shared prosperity, and development; and how the SABER E and I domain is structured. Three policy goals are then emphasized for E and I in education and discussed in subsequent respective chapters: (1) establishing an enabling environment and providing resources needed for an education system to be equitable and inclusive; (2) providing general conditions that enable all children to start school ready to learn and remain in school; and (3) ensuring that all children, especially vulnerable groups of children, learn in school.

Access & Equity in Basic Education --- Economics of Education --- Education --- Education Finance --- Education For All --- Equity --- Equity and Development --- Inequality --- Legal Framework --- Poverty Reduction --- Vulnerable Groups