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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Zonder onderwerpscode: politiek --- Zonder onderwerpscode: economie --- Mediterranean countries --- Political culture --- Council for British Research in the Levant --- Middle East --- Politics and government --- Political culture. --- Politics and government. --- Council for British Research in the Levant. --- Since 1979 --- Middle East. --- Civilization. --- Civilization --- Culture --- Political science --- Barbarism --- Civilisation --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- CBRL --- British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem --- British Institute at Amman for Archaeology and History --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, Western --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- South West --- Southwest Asia --- Asia --- Asia, South West --- East (Middle East) --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Orient --- Asia, West --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Eastern Mediterranean Region

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Handbook of Frontier Markets: Evidence from Asia and International Comparative Studies provides novel insights from academic perspectives about the behavior of investors and prices in several frontier markets. It explores finance issues usually reserved for developed and emerging markets in order to gauge whether these issues are relevant and how they manifest themselves in frontier markets. Frontier markets have now become a popular investment class among institutional investors internationally, with major financial services providers establishing index-benchmarks for this market-category. The anticipation for frontier markets is optimistic uncertainty, and many people believe that, given their growth rates, these markets will be economic success stories. Irrespective of their degrees of success, The Handbook of Frontier Markets can help ensure that the increasing international investment diverted to them will aid in their greater integration within the global financial system. Presents topics in the contexts of frontier markets and uses tests based on established methodologies from finance research Features contributing authors who are established university academics Emphasizes financial institutions and applications of financial risk models Explores finance issues usually reserved for developed and emerging markets in order to gauge whether these issues are relevant and how they manifest themselves in frontier markets

Investments, Foreign --- Investments --- Investing --- Investment management --- Portfolio --- Finance --- Disinvestment --- Loans --- Saving and investment --- Speculation --- Africa, North. --- Asia. --- Developing countries. --- Middle East. --- Asia, Western --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Eastern Mediterranean Region --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Middle East --- Mideast --- Near East --- South West --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Asia --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Africa, North --- Barbary States --- Maghreb --- Maghrib --- Eurasia --- North Africa.

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Economic history. --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Since 1945 --- Middle East --- Middle East. --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- South West --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Asia --- Asia, South West --- East (Middle East) --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Orient --- Economic conditions

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The transition between the 2nd and the 1st millennium BC was an era of deep economic changes in the ancient Near East. An increasing monetization of transactions, a broader use of silver, the management of the resources of temples through "entrepreneurs", the development of new trade circuits and an expanding private, small-scale economy, transformed the role previously played by institutions such as temples and royal palaces. The 17 essays collected here analyze the economic transformations which affected the old dominant powers of the Late Bronze Age, their adaptation to a new economic environment, the emergence of new economic actors and the impact of these changes on very different social sectors and geographic areas, from small communities in the oases of the Egyptian Western Desert to densely populated urban areas in Mesopotamia. Egypt was not an exception. Traditionally considered as a conservative and highly hierarchical and bureaucratic society, Egypt shared nevertheless many of these characteristics and tried to adapt its economic organization to the challenges of a new era. In the end, the emergence of imperial super-powers (Assyria, Babylonia, Persia and, to a lesser extent, Kushite and Saite Egypt) can be interpreted as the answer of former palatial organizations to the economic and geopolitical conditions of the early Iron Age. A new order where competition for the control of flows of wealth and of strategic trading areas appears crucial.

Middle East --- History --- Civilization --- Economic conditions --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Trade routes --- Material culture

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Interaction between Muslims in Malaysia and their Middle Eastern brethren has consistently been a source of apprehension to the powers-that-be from colonial times till today. Islamist activism in Malaysia has indeed undergone changes, and these did indeed arise from contemporary Middle Eastern influences. The religious thought, practices and lifestyles of Muslims in Malaysia have traditionally been regarded as moderate. Of particular importance in the present context is the transmission of puritanical interpretations of Islam. Furthermore, the Malaysian version of Islamist puritanism has always been pragmatic rather than dogmatic, moderated by its multi-cultural and multi-religious setting. But newer strands of Islamism influenced by developments in the Middle East have alarmed authorities. The impact of this Middle East-driven wave of Islamism is not restricted to Malaysian chapters of transnational extremist groups such as the Islamic State (IS) and Al Qaeda. However, in Malaysia, the influence is more varied in its organizational impact. Newly formed Muslim organizations such as Ikatan Muslimin Malaysia (ISMA, or Muslim Solidarity Front), the Islamic Renaissance Front (IRF) and Hizb at-Tahrir Malaysia (HTM) are all found to have maintained strong Middle Eastern links, both at the discursive or organizational levels. All three movements in question have so far not displayed violent tendencies although their versions of Islamism exhibit varying degrees of ideological absolutism, distinguishing them markedly from the wave of Islamism that engulfed Malaysia in the 1980s.

Muslims --- Islam and politics --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam --- Malaysia --- Middle East --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Relations