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C1q is the target recognition protein of the classical complement pathway and a major connecting link between innate and acquired immunity. As a charge pattern recognition molecule of innate immunity, C1q can engage a broad range of ligands derived from self, non-self and altered self via its heterotrimeric globular (gC1q) domain and thus trigger the classical complement pathway. The trimeric gC1q signature domain has been identified in a variety of non-complement proteins that can be grouped together as a C1q family. C1q circulates in serum as part of the C1 complex, in association with a catalytic tetrameric assembly of two homologous yet distinct serine proteases, C1r and C1s. Binding of C1q to appropriate targets leads to sequential activation of C1r and C1s, the latter being able to cleave complement components C4 and C2 thereby triggering the complement cascade. Activation of the classical pathway plays an important role in innate immune protection against pathogens and damaged elements from self. However, its involvement has been shown in various pathologies including ischemia-reperfusion injury and hereditary angioedema. Unexpected roles for the classical pathway have also been discovered recently, linked to both physiological and pathological aspects of development, including brain and cancer cells. These new perspectives should arouse renewed interest in a search for specific inhibitors of the classical pathway. In addition, C1q has recently been shown to have a number of functions that are independent of the activation of the classical pathway. This research topic is aimed at providing a state-of-the-art overview of the classical pathway, including, but not restricted to emerging functions of C1q and of the C1 complex, as well as pathological consequences of C1 activation or of the presence of anti-C1q autoantibodies . Contributions are included in the areas such as structural basis of C1q ligand recognition, C1q family proteins, inhibitors of the classical pathway identified in pathogens and improved derived inhibitors, structural determinants of the substrate specificities of C1r and C1s, elucidation of the architecture of C1, structural and functional homology of C1 with the initiating complexes of the lectin complement pathway, and novel involvement of C1q in processes such as ageing, cancer, synaptic pruning, and pregnancy.

C1 complex --- classical pathway activation --- Autoimmunity --- c1q --- C1s --- emerging functions --- gC1q structure --- complement

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C1q is the target recognition protein of the classical complement pathway and a major connecting link between innate and acquired immunity. As a charge pattern recognition molecule of innate immunity, C1q can engage a broad range of ligands derived from self, non-self and altered self via its heterotrimeric globular (gC1q) domain and thus trigger the classical complement pathway. The trimeric gC1q signature domain has been identified in a variety of non-complement proteins that can be grouped together as a C1q family. C1q circulates in serum as part of the C1 complex, in association with a catalytic tetrameric assembly of two homologous yet distinct serine proteases, C1r and C1s. Binding of C1q to appropriate targets leads to sequential activation of C1r and C1s, the latter being able to cleave complement components C4 and C2 thereby triggering the complement cascade. Activation of the classical pathway plays an important role in innate immune protection against pathogens and damaged elements from self. However, its involvement has been shown in various pathologies including ischemia-reperfusion injury and hereditary angioedema. Unexpected roles for the classical pathway have also been discovered recently, linked to both physiological and pathological aspects of development, including brain and cancer cells. These new perspectives should arouse renewed interest in a search for specific inhibitors of the classical pathway. In addition, C1q has recently been shown to have a number of functions that are independent of the activation of the classical pathway. This research topic is aimed at providing a state-of-the-art overview of the classical pathway, including, but not restricted to emerging functions of C1q and of the C1 complex, as well as pathological consequences of C1 activation or of the presence of anti-C1q autoantibodies . Contributions are included in the areas such as structural basis of C1q ligand recognition, C1q family proteins, inhibitors of the classical pathway identified in pathogens and improved derived inhibitors, structural determinants of the substrate specificities of C1r and C1s, elucidation of the architecture of C1, structural and functional homology of C1 with the initiating complexes of the lectin complement pathway, and novel involvement of C1q in processes such as ageing, cancer, synaptic pruning, and pregnancy.

C1 complex --- classical pathway activation --- Autoimmunity --- c1q --- C1s --- emerging functions --- gC1q structure --- complement

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"Familière à tous locuteurs, grammairiens, linguistes et pédagogues, la manière fait partie des notions qui se laissent appréhender intuitivement sans trop de difficulté, mais qui s'avèrent extrêmement rétives à une définition rigoureuse. Les quelques définitions disponibles dans la littérature relèvent plutôt de l'intuition que d'une véritable description linguistique. Rarement posée de façon explicite, la question de savoir ce qu'est exactement la manière reste ouverte. Le présent ouvrage ose poser cette question ! Le lecteur y découvrira que, contrairement à l'opinion couramment répandue, les adverbes et autres compléments dits de manière (descendre lentement, répondre avec courtoisie) ne sont pas les seuls moyens d'exprimer cette notion en français. Y participent aussi comme et comment, ainsi que certains noms (manière, mode, méthode) et de nombreux verbes verbes simples (marcher, murmurer, dévorer) ou verbes construits par suffixation (sautiller, voleter). Cette prise en compte des différents modes d'expression en français permet aux auteurs de dégager les principaux mécanismes de construction de la notion de manière et d'en proposer une définition unitaire, articulée à certaines notions connexes, comme celles d'instrument, de moyen, de qualité, de comparaison, de quantité... Le lecteur trouvera également, brièvement retracée, la genèse du concept de manière dans la tradition occidentale, de la rhétorique antique à la linguistique contemporaine en passant par la grammaire scolaire, ainsi qu'un aperçu critique de l'abondante littérature relative aux adverbes de manière. À la fois accessible à un large public de non spécialistes (étudiants, enseignants de français langue maternelle, seconde et étrangère) et suffisamment fourni pour intéresser les linguistes et les étudiants avancés (en lettres modernes, sciences du langage ou traitement automatique des langues), l'ouvrage offre une base solide et de multiples pistes pour de futures investigations en la matière."--Page 4 of cover.

French language --- Français (Langue) --- Grammar. --- Complement. --- Adverb --- Syntax. --- Grammaire --- Complément --- Adverbe --- Syntaxe --- 804.0-56 --- 804.0-56 Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- Adverb. --- Prepositions. --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Sociolinguistics --- Français (Langue) --- Complément --- Français (langue) --- Compléments (linguistique) --- Adverbes --- Adverbes. --- Compléments (linguistique)