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In this study, the U.S. Geological Survey investigated the use of insects as bioindicators of climate change in sagebrush steppe shrublands and grasslands in the Upper Columbia Basin. The research was conducted in the Stinkingwater and Pueblo mountain ranges in eastern Oregon on lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management. We used a "space-for-time" sampling design that related insect communities to climate and weather along elevation gradients. Overall, our interpretation of these patterns is that insect communities respond positively and negatively to weather and local vegetation more than to long-term climate. Given increasing variability in weather and high probability of extreme weather events, insect communities in sagebrush steppe also may experience considerable fluctuations in composition and abundance, as well as phenology. These findings have implications for many ecosystem services, including pollination, decomposition, and food resources for predatory birds and other vertebrates.

Sagebrush steppe ecology --- Insect populations --- Insect-plant relationships --- Insects --- Public lands --- Climatic factors --- Effect of altitude on --- Management. --- Eastern Oregon.

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Ce quatrième ouvrage de la série "Conquête de la steppe" présente de nouvelles études d'archéologie, de géoarchéologie et d'anthropologie issues d'un important programme de prospection de la zone steppique de la Syrie centrale à l'est de Hama, qui s'est déroulé de 1995 à 2010. Les périodes dont il est question ici vont du PPNB à l'époque contemporaine (VIIIe millénaire av. J.-C.-XXIe s. ap. J.-C.). L'adaptation de l'homme à l'environnement est abordée du point de vue de l'acquisition et du stockage de l'eau en milieu aride, grâce aux citernes pluviales, et à travers deux études de cas : celle d'un village du PPNB et celle de deux années pluviométriques extrêmes. Une partie des articles (céramique, monnaies, monuments religieux) éclaire d'un nouveau jour la définition du territoire régional, durant l'Antiquité et par la suite. Des questions de topographie historique sont aussi abordées grâce à la publication de nouvelles inscriptions. Enfin, plusieurs contributions concernent les formes de l'habitat, aussi bien les résidences luxueuses des propriétaires terriens (des époques omeyyade et contemporaine) que les villages byzantins et les processus de sédentarisation à l'époque contemporaine.

Prospecting --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Human settlements --- Material culture --- Prospection --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Etablissements humains --- Culture matérielle --- Syria --- Syrie --- Antiquities --- Antiquités --- Archaeology --- Environmental archaeology --- Dwellings --- Water-supply --- History --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Culture matérielle --- Antiquités --- Archaeology - Syria --- Environmental archaeology - Syria --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Syria --- Dwellings - Syria - History - To 1500 --- Water-supply - Syria - History - To 1500. --- Syria - Antiquities --- Environmental studies, Geography & Development --- History & Archaeology --- Arid Margins --- archaeology --- geoarchaeology --- housing --- nomad --- monastery --- climate --- water management --- residence --- pottery (ceramics) --- archéologie --- monastère --- environnement --- habitat --- monnaie --- peuplement --- climat --- céramique --- géoarchéologie --- marge aride --- steppe --- prospection --- nomade --- sédentaire --- PPNB --- Antiquities.