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The new series Stellenbosch Handbooks in African Constitutional Law will engage with contemporary issues of constitutionalism in Africa, filling a notable gap in African comparative constitutional law. Separation of Powers in African Constitutionalism is the first in the series, examining one of the critical measures introduced by African constitutional designers in their attempts to entrench an ethos of constitutionalism on the continent. Taking a critical look at the different ways in which attempts have been made to separate the different branches of government, the Handbook examines the impact this is having on transparent and accountable governance. Beginning with an overview of constitutionalism in Africa and the different influences on modern African constitutional developments, it looks at the relationship between the legislature and the executive as well as the relationship between the judiciary and the political branches. Despite differences in approaches between the different constitutional cultures that have influenced developments in Africa, there remain common problems. One of these problems is the constant friction in the relationship between the three branches and the resurgent threats of authoritarianism which clearly suggest that there remain serious problems in both constitutional design and implementation. The book also studies the increasing role being played by independent constitutional institutions and how they complement the checks and balances associated with the traditional three branches of government.

Angola --- Bénin --- Botswana --- Ethiopie --- Ghana --- Kenya --- Sénégal --- Tunisie --- Namibie --- Nigéroa --- Burkina Faso --- Burundi --- Algérie --- Cameroun --- Cap Vert --- Afrique du Sud --- Ouganda --- République Démocratique du Congo --- Egypte --- Gabon --- Gambie --- Guinée-Bissau --- Mozambique --- Maroc --- Sao Tomé-et-Principe --- Zimbabwe --- Public law. Constitutional law --- Africa

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This paper discusses the following selected issues related to the São Tomé and Príncipe’s economy: tourism competitiveness in São Tomé and Príncipe—challenges and strategy, macro-financial linkages, private sector development, and challenges of small financial systems. São Tomé and Príncipe has experienced significantly faster growth in tourism than most tourism-dependent small states (TDSS). An application of a tourism gravity model shows that São Tomé and Príncipe is competitive in compared to TDSS. However, tourism development in this country faces broad challenges both on the micro and micro level. São Tomé and Príncipe can do well with venture capital-type financing for micro, small-, and medium-sized enterprises.

Tourism --- Banks and banking --- Economic development --- International Monetary Fund --- Holiday industry --- Operators, Tour (Industry) --- Tour operators (Industry) --- Tourism industry --- Tourism operators (Industry) --- Tourist industry --- Tourist trade --- Tourist traffic --- Travel industry --- Visitor industry --- Service industries --- National tourism organizations --- Travel --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Economic aspects --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Industries: Hospital,Travel and Tourism --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Sports --- Gambling --- Restaurants --- Recreation --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Monetary economics --- Financial sector --- Nonperforming loans --- Credit --- Economic sectors --- Financial services industry --- Loans --- São Tomé and Príncipe, Democratic Republic of