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In the early nineteenth century a ten-mile stretch along the Kanawha River in western Virginia became the largest salt-producing area in the antebellum United States. Production of this basic commodity stimulated settlement, the livestock industry, and the rise of agricultural processing, especially pork packing, in the American West. The Virginia saltmakers dominated their locality in capital access, labor supply, and manipulation of public policy. Salt extraction was then and is now a fundamental industry. In his illuminating study, John Stealey examines the legal basis of this industry, its labor practices, and its marketing and distribution patterns. To control output and markets, the saltmakers created legal combinations - output pools, lease/re-lease contracts, joint stock companies, and a proposed trust - that are the earliest such examples in the United States. These combinations drew national opposition from western consumers and a crusade to reduce the salt tariff that revealed the international aspects of salt commerce. By eliminating middlemen in distribution, the Virginia salt producers anticipated later nineteenth-century manufacturers who tried to control prices and marketing. Their struggle with rationalization of factory management and marketing operations marks them as premodern business pioneers. Through technological innovation, they harnessed coal and steam as well as men and animals, constructed a novel evaporative system, and invented drilling tools later employed in oil and natural gas exploration. Thus in many ways the salt industry was the precursor of the American extractive and chemical industries. Stealey's informative study is an important contribution to American economic, business, labor, and legal history.

Salt industry and trade --- Nonmetallic minerals industry --- History --- E-books

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(Produktform)Electronic book text --- Carter Era --- Politikgeschichte --- SALT Process --- (VLB-WN)9550

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Sponsored by the Atmospheric Water Management Standards Committee of the Standards Development Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation, Third Edition, supplies the practical details for implementing a cloud seeding project to enhance precipitation efficiency. This technology for atmospheric water management provides a cost-effective means for supplementing available water supplies and reducing damage caused by meteorological events. Cloud seeding offers determinable benefits, such as increased agricultural output and hydroelectric power production, salinity reduction, and strengthened ski industries, while also improving water supplies for fish and wildlife, recreation, municipalities, and industry. This revised and updated Manual of Practice incorporates pertinent background on the science and practice of weather modification through the use of cloud seeding that has developed over the past 10 years. It also presents additional methods of evaluation for such programs or projects. Topics include: social, environmental, and economic aspects; legal aspects associated with weather modification operations; the scientific basis for precipitation enhancement; cloud seeding modes and instrumentation and the updated state of the technology; and steps in the implementation of a cloud seeding program. MOP 81 is an essential guide to cloud seeding for professionals involved in water resources management and weather modification, as well as government regulators and those in industry who may benefit from the enhanced precipitation.

Rain-making --- Precipitation (Meteorology) --- Weather modification --- Precipitation --- Water management --- Water resources --- Water supply --- Hydro power --- Industries --- Salt water --- Modification --- Weather modification --- Precipitation --- Water management --- Water resources --- Water supply --- Hydro power --- Industries --- Salt water

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Salt Lake City (Utah) --- History. --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- G.S.L. City (Utah) --- Great Salt Lake City (Utah) --- Salt Lake (Utah) --- SLC (Utah) --- Solt Leyk Siti (Utah) --- Горад Солт-Лэйк-Сіці (Utah) --- Horad Solt-Lėĭk-Sitsi (Utah) --- Солт-Лэйк-Сіці (Utah) --- Solt-Lėĭk-Sitsi (Utah) --- Sol Lek Siti (Utah) --- Солт Лейк Сити (Utah) --- Solt Leĭk Siti (Utah) --- Σολτ Λέικ Σίτι (Utah) --- Sallaga Urbo (Utah) --- Kota Salt Lake (Utah) --- סולט לייק סיטי (Utah) --- Solṭ Laiḳ Siṭi (Utah) --- Civitas Lacus Salsi (Utah) --- Urbs Lacus Salsi (Utah) --- Soltleiksitija (Utah) --- Solt Leik Sitis (Utah) --- Солт Лејк Сити (Utah) --- Solt Lejk Siti (Utah) --- ソルトレイクシティ (Utah) --- Sorutoreikushiti (Utah) --- Lungsod ng Salt Lake (Utah) --- Солт-Лейк-Сіті (Utah) --- Thành phố Salt Lake (Utah) --- Solt Leik Sitės (Utah) --- 盐湖城 (Utah) --- Yan hu cheng (Utah) --- Yanhu cheng (Utah)

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Environmental impact analysis --- Environmental policy --- Environmental impact statements --- Oil spills --- Restoration monitoring (Ecology) --- Estuarine restoration --- Shore protection --- Salt marsh restoration --- Government policy --- Cleanup --- Environmental aspects --- United States.