Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Annotation JMSE Special Issue: Tsunami Science and EngineeringRecent earthquake-tsunamis including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, with over 230,000 casualties, and the 2011 T hoku Tsunami in Japan, with over 18,500 people missing or dead, serve as tragic reminders that such waves pose a major natural hazard to human beings. Landslide-tsunamis, including the 1958 Lituya Bay case, may exceed 150 m in height and if similar waves are generated in lakes or reservoirs (so-called impulse waves), then they may overtop dams and cause significant devastation downstream, such as in the 1963 Vaiont case with around 2,000 casualties.The after-effects due to such catastrophes are not limited to the region immediately impacted by the wave; for example, the 1963 Vaiont case affected hydropower plant planning and management globally and the 2011 T hoku Tsunami initiated changes to nuclear power plant policies worldwide.Active prevention of the wave generation is extremely unlikely and limited to rare cases where creeping slides could be stabilized. Scientists and engineers thus work mainly on passive methods to face this hazard. In many cases, the propagation time between generation and shoreline is sufficiently long, allowing early warning systems for evacuation to be an effective passive method. For impulse waves in smaller water bodies, however, the propagation time is too short for an adequate evacuation so further passive methods are critical. Such methods include sea walls, reinforced infrastructure and the provision of adequate freeboards of dam reservoirs. These methods require detailed knowledge of (i) the wave features as a function of the generation mechanism, (ii) the shoreline run-up and (iii) the interaction with structures.Despite a significant increase in research activities after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, there certainly can be -- and needs to be -- more research with the aim to reduce the destruction caused by tsunamis to us and our environment."

Tsunamis --- Seismic waves. --- Risk assessment.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Annotation JMSE Special Issue: Tsunami Science and EngineeringRecent earthquake-tsunamis including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, with over 230,000 casualties, and the 2011 T hoku Tsunami in Japan, with over 18,500 people missing or dead, serve as tragic reminders that such waves pose a major natural hazard to human beings. Landslide-tsunamis, including the 1958 Lituya Bay case, may exceed 150 m in height and if similar waves are generated in lakes or reservoirs (so-called impulse waves), then they may overtop dams and cause significant devastation downstream, such as in the 1963 Vaiont case with around 2,000 casualties.The after-effects due to such catastrophes are not limited to the region immediately impacted by the wave; for example, the 1963 Vaiont case affected hydropower plant planning and management globally and the 2011 T hoku Tsunami initiated changes to nuclear power plant policies worldwide.Active prevention of the wave generation is extremely unlikely and limited to rare cases where creeping slides could be stabilized. Scientists and engineers thus work mainly on passive methods to face this hazard. In many cases, the propagation time between generation and shoreline is sufficiently long, allowing early warning systems for evacuation to be an effective passive method. For impulse waves in smaller water bodies, however, the propagation time is too short for an adequate evacuation so further passive methods are critical. Such methods include sea walls, reinforced infrastructure and the provision of adequate freeboards of dam reservoirs. These methods require detailed knowledge of (i) the wave features as a function of the generation mechanism, (ii) the shoreline run-up and (iii) the interaction with structures.Despite a significant increase in research activities after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, there certainly can be -- and needs to be -- more research with the aim to reduce the destruction caused by tsunamis to us and our environment."

Tsunamis --- Seismic waves. --- Risk assessment.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This monograph provides an up-to-date overview on methods and techniques in seismology, with a focus on describing and detecting seismic waves in anisotropic media. The author discusses structural, physical and mechanical aspects of the crust by analyzing earthquake data from field studies, rendering the book a practical reference for researchers in seismology and applied geophysics. Contents: Rock Anisotropy, Fracture and Earthquake Assessment Seismic Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Rocks with Applications to Defining Fractures in Earth Crust Reproducing the Realistic Compressive-tensile Strength Ratio of Rocks using Discrete Element Model Rock Fracture under Static and Dynamic Stress Multiple Linear Regression Analyses on the Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface Displacement PI Algorithm Applied to the Sichuan-Yunnan Region: A Statistical Physics Method for Intermediate-term Medium-range Earthquake Forecast in Continental China Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Pacific Island Countries

Seismic waves --- Earthquake prediction. --- Seismology. --- Measurement.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book is an introduction to wave dynamics as they apply to earthquakes, among the scariest, most unpredictable, and deadliest natural phenomena on Earth. Since studying seismic activity is essentially a study of wave dynamics, this text starts with a discussion of types and representations, including wave-generation mechanics, superposition, and spectral analysis. Simple harmonic motion is used to analyze the mechanisms of wave propagation, and driven and damped systems are used to model the decay rates of various modal frequencies in different media. Direct correlation to earthquakes in California, Mexico, and Japan is used to illustrate key issues, and actual data from an event in California is presented and analyzed. Our Earth is a dynamic and changing planet, and seismic activity is the result. Hundreds of waves at different frequencies, modes, and amplitudes travel through a variety of different media, from solid rock to molten metals. Each media responds differently to each mode; consequently the result is an enormously complicated dynamic behavior. Earthquakes should serve well as a complimentary text for an upper-school course covering waves and wave mechanics, including sound and acoustics and basic geology. The mathematical requirement includes trigonometry and series summations, which should be accessible to most upper-school and college students. Animation, sound files, and videos help illustrate major topics.

SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Seismology & Volcanism. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Geophysics. --- Volcanology and seismology. --- Geophysics. --- Seismology. --- Seismic waves. --- Earthquakes.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

3C seismic applications provide enhanced rock property characterization of the reservoir that can complement P-wave methods. Continued interest in converted P- to S-waves (PS-waves) and vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) has resulted in the steady development of advanced vector wavefield techniques. PS-wave images along with VSP data can be used to help P-wave interpretation of structure in gas obscured zones, of elastic and fluid properties for lithology discrimination from S-wave impedance and density inversion in unconventional reservoirs, and of fracture characterization and stress monitoring from S-wave birefringence (splitting) analysis. The book, which accompanies the 2016 SEG Distinguished Instructor Short Course, presents an overview of 3C seismic theory and practical application: from fundamentals of PS-waves and VSPs, through to acquisition and processing including interpretation techniques. The emphasis is on unique aspects of vector wavefields, anisotropy, and the important relationships that unify S-waves and P-waves. Various applications and case studies demonstrate image benefits from PS-waves, elastic properties and fluid discrimination from joint inversion of amplitude variations with offset/angle (AVO/A), and VSP methods for anisotropic velocity model building and improved reservoir imaging. The book will be of interest to geophysicists, geologists, and engineers, especially those involved with or considering the use of AVO/A inversion, fracture/stress characterization analyses, or interpretation in gas-obscured reservoirs.

Seismic reflection method --- Seismic waves --- 3-C --- 4-C --- Anisotropy --- AVO/AVA --- Azimuth --- Common conversion point --- Compressional wave (P-wave) --- Converted wave --- Fractures --- Lithology --- Multiazimuth --- Multicomponent --- OBC --- Polarization --- Reservoir characterization --- Shear wave (S-wave) --- Vector processing --- Vertical seismic profile (VSP) --- Data processing --- Mathematical models --- Data processing. --- Mathematical models.