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Structural reforms are expected to lift growth and employment, but their effects are surprisingly difficult to pin down empirically. One reason is their potential endogeneity to the economic environment in which they are conducted. For example, the impact of a reform implemented shortly before a cyclical upswing is difficult to distinguish from the recovery itself. Similarly, macroeconomic policies conducted along a structural reform could affect the estimated impact. Exploring various options, this paper develops robust estimates of the impact of labor and product market reforms by using local projection techniques while controlling for endogeneity of reforms and other biases. The results suggest that labor and product market reforms have a lagged but positive impact on employment creation, and the positive effect remains even after controlling for the endogeneity of the decision to reform. Supportive macroeconomic policies are found to increase the effect of labor and product market reforms, consistent with the view that some structural reforms are best initiated in conjunction with supportive fiscal or monetary policy.

Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Business cycles. --- Economic policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Cycles --- Economic policy --- Finance: General --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: General --- Labor Economics Policies --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Labour --- income economics --- Finance --- Structural reforms --- Employment rate --- Labor market reforms --- Commodity markets --- Macrostructural analysis --- Financial markets --- Economic theory --- Manpower policy --- Commodity exchanges --- Germany --- Income economics

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A revolution in American medicine is in full swing, with the race from fee-for-service to fee-for-value at the front line in an epic battle that will transform healthcare delivery for decades to come. In America's Healthcare Transformation, eminent physician leader Robert A. Phillips brings together key thought leaders and trail-blazing practitioners, who provide a wide-ranging exploration of the strategies, innovations, and paradigm shifts that are driving this healthcare transformation. The contributors offer a panoramic look at the dramatic changes happening in the field of medicine, changes that put the patient at the heart of the process. Among other subjects, the essays evaluate innovative high quality and low cost care delivery solutions from around the United States and abroad, describe fundamental approaches to measuring the safety of care and the impact that guidelines have on improving quality of care and outcomes, and make a strong case that insurance reform will fundamentally and irreversibly drive delivery reform. In addition, America's Healthcare Transformation reviews the role of health information technology in creating safer healthcare, provides a primer on the development of a culture of safety, and highlights ground-breaking new ways to train providers in patient safety and quality. Finally, the book looks at reports from Stanford Health Care and Houston Methodist which outline how successful behaviorally based strategies, anchored in values, can energize and empower employees to deliver a superior patient experience. Drawing on the wisdom and vision of today's leading healthcare innovators, America's Healthcare Transformation provides a roadmap to the future of American healthcare. This book is essential reading for all health care providers, health care administrators, and health policy professionals, and it will be an invaluable resource in the effort to improve the practice of medicine and the delivery of healthcare in our communities and nation.

Medical care --- Patients --- Health care reform --- Delivery of Health Care --- Quality of Health Care --- Patient Safety --- Health Care Reform --- Efficiency, Organizational --- Administrative Efficiency --- Organizational Productivity --- Efficiency, Administrative --- Productivity, Organizational --- Program Efficiency --- Efficiency, Program --- Organizational Efficiency --- Program Efficiencies --- Healthcare Reform --- Health Care Reforms --- Healthcare Reforms --- Reform, Health Care --- Reform, Healthcare --- Reforms, Health Care --- Reforms, Healthcare --- Patient Safeties --- Safeties, Patient --- Safety, Patient --- Risk Management --- Pharmacy Audit --- Quality of Care --- Quality of Healthcare --- Audit, Pharmacy --- Care Quality --- Health Care Quality --- Healthcare Quality --- Pharmacy Audits --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Quality control --- Safety measures --- United States. --- E-books --- american healthcare. --- business development. --- business. --- charity. --- doctor. --- economics. --- health care delivery. --- health. --- healthcare. --- hospital administration. --- hospital care. --- hospital. --- management. --- medical administration. --- medical. --- medicine. --- nonprofit organization. --- nonprofit. --- npo. --- patient care. --- patient safety. --- patient. --- pharmacy. --- physician.

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Le choc des prix du pétrole a durement frappé l’économie algérienne et a mis en évidence les vulnérabilités qu’accuse de longue date un modèle de croissance tributaire des hydrocarbures et des dépenses publiques. La situation budgétaire, déjà affaiblie par une augmentation des dépenses suite au Printemps arabe, s’est davantage détériorée avec la chute des recettes pétrolières. L’épargne budgétaire, dont le niveau était considérable par le passé, a été pratiquement épuisée pour financer d’importants déficits budgétaires. Après plusieurs années d’excédents confortables, le solde des transactions courantes est devenu fortement déficitaire et les réserves officielles, qui demeurent certes importantes, diminuent. Le système bancaire dans son ensemble semble être solide, mais les risques qui pèsent sur la stabilité financière s’accentuent. Les politiques mises en œuvre en 2015 ont été insuffisantes pour répondre au choc, mais le budget de 2016 prévoit une nette réduction des dépenses et les autorités ont engagé certaines réformes, notamment celle nécessaire du système des subventions.

Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Banks and banking --- Banks --- Computer Programs: Other --- Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology --- Depository Institutions --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Economic indicators --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Financial services law & regulation --- Fiscal consolidation --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal policy --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Macroeconomics --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Oil prices --- Prices --- State-owned banks --- Statistics --- Structural reforms --- Taxation --- Algeria

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This paper discusses the Malawi authorities, request for a short extension (June 30, 2016) to their arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) that is currently due to expire on May 22, 2016. The extension is needed to provide time for the authorities to implement two prior actions for completing the seventh and eighth reviews. These comprise the reconciliation of government bank accounts for the first half of FY2015/16 and another on preparing a report on the flow and stock of domestic arrears at end-2015.

Accounting --- Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Social Services and Welfare --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Monetary Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- Social welfare & social services --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- International reserves --- Structural reforms --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Structural policies --- Poverty reduction --- Central banks --- Macrostructural analysis --- Poverty --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Finance, Public --- Malawi

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Since its founding, the government of the People's Republic of China has strived to transform rural production, the theme of this volume of History of Contemporary China. Fourteen articles translated from the Chinese journal Contemporary History (Dangdai Zhongguo shi yanjiu) offer both empirical account and theoretical analysis of a broad range of historical events and issues, such as the guiding policy framework of the “three rural issues,” the causes and consequences of the deep plowing movement and the development of public canteens during the Great Leap Forward, child care, enterprises and collectives, and private lending in the post-Mao era, and the changing dynamics of interregional flows of goods and people throughout the second half of the 20th century. These studies shed light on the historical origins of some of the agricultural and rural problems in China today.

Agriculture and state --- Social change --- Social problems --- Reform, Social --- Social reform --- Social welfare --- Social history --- Applied sociology --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social evolution --- Agrarian question --- Agricultural policy --- Agriculture --- State and agriculture --- Economic policy --- Land reform --- History --- Government policy --- China --- Rural conditions. --- Social policy. --- Politics and government --- E-books --- S20/0700 --- S20/0730 --- S11/0485 --- China: Agriculture forestry, fishery, natural disasters--Communist land reform and agrarian policy --- China: Agriculture forestry, fishery, natural disasters--Rural reforms: since 1979 --- China: Social sciences--Rural change