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2016 (12)

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Book
Gleichstromtrassen und ihre Auswirkungen : Grundlagen, Aktueller Stand und offene Fragen
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ISBN: 3658126647 Year: 2016 Publisher: Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden : Imprint: Springer Vieweg,

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Abstract

Ein Fragebuch zu geplanten Gleichstromtrassen und die radioaktive Strahlenbelastung. Die deutschen Atomkraftwerke sollen abgeschaltet werden. Um den Strom aus regenerativen Quellen transportieren zu können, wird das Stromnetz ausgebaut. Neben den schon bekannten Konsequenzen aus den geplanten Hochspannungstrassen wird die Frage beleuchtet, ob weitere Konsequenzen bisher unberücksichtigt blieben. Werden die geplanten Gleichstromtrassen zu einer radioaktiven Belastung führen? Im Buch wird notwendiges Basiswissen leichtverständlich vermittelt und der aktuelle Stand der Dinge dargestellt. Dabei sich aufdrängende Fragen werden formuliert. Der Inhalt - Elektrotechnik - Kernphysik - Das Experiment - Fragestellungen bei der Planung von Gleichstromtrassen Die Zielgruppen Bürger, die in der Nähe der geplanten Hochspannungstrassen wohnen und leben Verantwortliche, die auf kommunaler, regionaler und nationaler Ebene in den Entscheidungsprozess zum Netzausbau eingebunden sind, oder politisch aktiv sind Multiplikatoren aus dem Bereich der Medien Der Autor Andreas Bonné, geb. 1962 in Kerkrade/Niederlande, studierte Maschinenbau und bekleidete diverse Positionen in der Industrie und im eigenen Unternehmen. Seit seiner Kindheit interessiert er sich für die Physik und hat Freude daran, diese trockene Materie durch eine bildhafte Sprache auch den bisher nicht interessierten Menschen in einfachen Worten näherzubringen.


Book
Health protection
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780198745471 0198745478 9780191062650 0191062650 9780191807510 0191807516 Year: 2016 Publisher: Oxford, United Kingdom

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Outside back cover : "Health Protection: Principles and practice is a practical guide for practitioners working at all levels in public health and health protection, including those with a non-specialist background. It is the first textbook in health protection to address all three domains within the field (communicable disease control; emergency preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR); and environmental public health) in a comprehensive and integrated manner. Written by leading practitioners in the field, the book is rooted in a practice-led, all-hazards approach, which allows for easy real-world application of the topics discussed. The chapters are arranged in six sections, which begin with an in-depth introduction to the principles of health protection and go on to illuminate the three key elements of the field by providing: case studies and scenarios to describe common and important issues in the practice of health protection; health protection tools, which span epidemiology and statistics, infection control, immunisation, disease surveillance, and audit and service improvement; and evidence about new and emerging health protection issues. It includes more than 100 health protection checklists (SIMCARDs), covering infections from anthrax to yellow fever, non-infectious diseases emergencies and environmental hazards. Written from first-hand experience of managing communicable diseases these provide practical, stand-alone quick reference guides for in-practice use. Both the topical content of Health Protection: Principles and practice, and the clearly described health protection principles the book provides, makes it a highly relevant resource for wider public health and health protection professionals in this continually evolving field."


Book
Nuclear Radiation Nanosensors and Nanosensory Systems
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9401774668 9401774684 Year: 2016 Publisher: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,

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This collection of selected review papers focuses on topics such as digital radiation sensors and nanosensory systems for nanotechnology applications and integrated X-ray/PET/CT detectors; nanophosphors and nanocrystal quantum dots as X-ray radiation sensors; the luminescence efficiency of CdSe/ZnS QD and UV-induced luminescence efficiency distribution; investigations devoted to the quantum and multi-parametrical nature of disasters and the modeling thereof using quantum search and quantum query algorithms; sum-frequency-generation, IR fourier and raman spectroscopy methods; as well as investigations into the vibrational modes of viruses and other pathogenic microorganisms aimed at creating optical biosensory systems. This is followed by a review of radiation resistant semiconductor sensors and magnetic measurement instrumentation for magnetic diagnostics of high-tech fission and fusion set-ups and accelerators; the evaluation of the use of neutron-radiation, 10B-enriched semiconducting materials as thin-film, highly reliable, highly sensitive and fast-acting robust solid-state electronic neutron-detectors; and the irradiation of n-Si crystals with protons, which converts the “metallic” inclusions to “dielectric” ones in isochronous annealing, therefore leading to opto/micro/nanoelectronic devices, including nuclear radiation nanosensors. The book concludes with a comparative study of the nitride and sulfide chemisorbed layers; a chemical model that describes the formation of such layers in hydrazine-sulfide and water sodium sulfide solution; and recent developments in the microwave-enhanced processing and microwave-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles and nanomaterials using Mn(OH)2.


Book
Genetics, Evolution and Radiation : Crossing Borders, The Interdisciplinary Legacy of Nikolay W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 3319488384 3319488376 Year: 2016 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer,

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This book is dedicated to the great scientist and outstanding individual Nikolay Wladimirovich Timofeeff-Ressovsky. The book brings together a number of brief stories/essays about Timofeeff-Ressovsky including “Stories told by himself”, and scientific chapters addressing his major research areas: genetics, radiobiology, radiation ecology and epidemiology, and evolution. Timofeeff-Ressovsky contributed to several fields of biology and established new directions of scientific research. He often repeated the phrase, which would later become famous: “Science should not be approached with the ferocity of wild animals”. In keeping with that philosophy, the issues discussed here are still open. Each scientific part starts with a current review; the chapters present leading scientific schools and views. The main theme discussed in the genetics part is mutation variability in the context of linear (replication, transcription, translation) and conformational template processes, and its dependence on phylogenetic group. In turn, the radiobiology chapters focus on the reorganization of DNA, cell, and population variability under low-dose irradiation, sparking indirect processes and adaptive response. The radiation ecology and epidemiology parts present data on the consequences of nuclear plants and related accidents for ecological systems and human beings. Here some approaches to estimating radiation risks are also offered. Evolution laws are demonstrated in the genomic universe, plant-microbe symbiosis, stabilizing and destabilizing (directional) selection. The last essay demonstrates the principles of organization operating in local animal populations, which are approached as social organisms of complex systemic nature. The chapter 'Radiation-Induced Aging and Genetic Instability of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Issue for Late Health Effects?' is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.


Book
Performance Assessment of Concrete Structures and Engineered Barriers for Nuclear Applications : Conclusions of RILEM TC 226-CNM
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9402409041 9402409033 Year: 2016 Publisher: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,

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The main outcomes of RILEM TC-226-CNM are summarized in this book. Key input was provided by researchers from countries that are main contributors in the R&D, design, construction, operation, and regulation of waste nuclear reinforced concrete facilities. Nuclear power plants and many of the facilities and structures used for the management of radioactive waste materials generated by the fuel cycle use concrete in their construction. RILEM TC 226 CNM covered several areas including functional and performance requirements for concrete structures; degradation processes; phenomenological modelling, field experiences, tests approaches, instrumentation and monitoring methods dedicated to performance assessments; service-life models; aging Management of Nuclear Power Plants, repair techniques; codes and standards specific to radioactive waste facilities.  .


Book
Guide des technologies de l'imagerie médicale et de la radiothérapie : quand la théorie éclaire la pratique
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9782294752018 2294752015 Year: 2016 Publisher: Issy-les-Moulineaux : Elsevier Masson,

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La complexité technique, la spécialisation et l'émergence de nouveaux champs de compétences créent un important besoin d'apprentissage et de formation pour les manipulateurs d'électroradiologie médicale (MERM). Cet ouvrage leur propose ainsi le premier livre de référence complet sur les technologies de l'imagerie médicale et de la radiothérapie. Il est désormais reconnu par tous comme indispensable.Toutes les techniques y sont abordées (radiologie de projection, échographie, TDM, IRM). Pour chacune, les auteurs développent : les bases physiques et technologiques, les principes d'acquisition, les produits de contraste, le problème des artéfacts et les critères de qualité. La radiothérapie externe, la médecine nucléaire et la radioprotection font l'objet de développements spécifiques.Remarquablement pédagogique, cet ouvrage offre la possibilité d'une lecture à deux niveaux :- rapide, uniquement sur des éléments essentiels (grâce aux encadrés, aux synthèses, aux tableaux et à la mise en évidence des mots clés mis en gras) ;- plus approfondie, sur des notions plus complexes (grâce à des développements ' pour aller plus loin ', toujours accompagnés d'exemples pour mieux comprendre).Une centaine de figures nouvelles, dont un grand nombre de dessins particulièrement didactiques, illustrent le propos.Cet ouvrage est indispensable pour tous les étudiants MERM (DE et DTS), tout au long de leurs trois années de formation initiale. Cette seconde édition, entièrement révisée, correspond totalement au niveau de connaissances exigé par le référentiel de formation. Les professionnels en activité y trouveront également les fondements à connaître, soit pour entreprendre une spécialisation ou un changement de spécialité, soit pour actualiser les connaissances, en marge de leur exercice professionnel, dans l'esprit du décloisonnement.


Book
A Brief History of South American Metatherians : Evolutionary Contexts and Intercontinental Dispersals
Authors: --- --- --- ---
ISBN: 9401774188 940177420X Year: 2016 Publisher: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,

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This book summarizes major aspects of the evolution of South American metatherians, including their epistemologic, phylogenetic, biogeographic, faunal, tectonic, paleoclimatic, and metabolic contexts. A brief overview of the evolution of each major South American lineage ("Ameridelphia", Sparassodonta, Didelphimorphia, Paucituberculata, Microbiotheria, and Polydolopimorphia) is provided. It is argued that due to physiological constraints, metatherian evolution closely followed the conditions imposed by global temperatures. In general terms, during the Paleocene and the early Eocene multiple radiations of metatherian lineages occurred, with many adaptive types exploiting insectivorous, frugivorous, and omnivorous adaptive zones. In turn, a mixture of generalized and specialized types, the latter mainly exploiting carnivorous and granivorous-folivorous adaptive zones, characterized the second half of the Cenozoic. In both periods, climate was the critical driver of their radiation and turnovers.

Keywords

Biology - General --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Paleontology. --- Marsupials, Fossil --- Paleogeography --- Palaeogeography --- Marsupialia, Fossil --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Physical geography --- Mammals, Fossil --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Climatic changes. --- Environmental protection. --- Biodiversity. --- Biogeosciences. --- Climate Change. --- Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental aspects --- Geobiology. --- Climate change. --- Radiation protection. --- Radiation—Safety measures. --- Radiation monitoring --- Radiation protection --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere --- Global environmental change


Book
Radioactivity and Radiation : What They Are, What They Do, and How to Harness Them
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3319423290 3319423304 Year: 2016 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer,

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This book lays the foundations for you to understand all that you always wanted to know about radioactivity. It begins by setting out essential information about the structure of matter, how radiation occurs and how it can be measured. It goes on to explore the substantial benefits of radioactivity through its many applications, and also the possible risks associated with its use. The field of radioactivity is explained in layman’s terms, so that everybody who is interested can improve their understanding of issues such as nuclear power, radiation accidents, medical applications of radiation and radioactivity from the environment. Everything is radioactive. There is natural radioactivity in the homes that we live in, the food that we eat and the air that we breath. For over 100 years, people have recognised the potential for radioactivity to help solve problems and improve our standard of living. This has led to the creation of radioactivity levels in some places that are much higher than naturally-occurring background levels. Such high levels of radiation can be harmful to people and the environment, so there is a clear need to manage this potential harm and to make the risk worth the benefits mankind can achieve from radioactive materials.

Keywords

Physics. --- Nuclear energy. --- Particle acceleration. --- Medical physics. --- Radiation. --- Nature. --- Environment. --- Radiation protection. --- Radiation --- Medical and Radiation Physics. --- Popular Science in Nature and Environment. --- Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Safety measures. --- Electromagnetic waves. --- Electromagnetic energy --- Electromagnetic radiation --- Physics --- Radiology --- Electromagnetic theory --- Waves --- Life sciences. --- Environmental protection. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Health physics --- Health radiation physics --- Medical radiation physics --- Radiotherapy physics --- Radiation therapy physics --- Biophysics --- Acceleration --- Radiation—Safety measures. --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Radiation monitoring --- Radiation protection --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Ecology


Book
Natural UV Radiation in Enhancing Survival Value and Quality of Plants
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ISBN: 8132227670 8132227654 Year: 2016 Publisher: New Delhi : Springer India : Imprint: Springer,

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This book is the first of its kind to highlight the positive impact of natural UV radiation on plants through unique adaptations in various metabolic pathways, and provides an evolutionary sketch of the development of molecular mechanisms for protecting plants from solar UV ever since their migration to terrestrial habitats. Experimental evidence is provided for establishing how plants, through their stationary habit in the open field, survive and flourish by developing suitable UV acclimation strategies through the repair of damaged macromolecules and/or upregulation of screening compounds viz. flavonoids. Presenting an analysis of related literature, it also highlights the importance of outdoor experiments over those in closed chamber under artificial UV light for obtaining realistic data. The book presents a comprehensive account of the stratospheric ozone layer, its formation and seasonal thinning, with particular reference to alarming anthropogenic destruction of the ozone layer since the last quarter of the twentieth century, which has resulted in increased UV fluence on Earth. It discusses variations in the hazardous impact of UV on life at different latitudes through the ages, and examines altitudinal variations in UV effects in case studies demonstrating high antioxidant content and aroma status in Darjeeling tea leaves (at high altitudes) compared with those of the same tea clones in Assam leaves (at low altitudes), with both sites being at the same latitude. It provides evidence which suggests that the UV effects relating to the expression of seed vigour-viability could be epigenetic. Further, it presents recently developed microscopic technologies for demonstrating the penetration of UV into plant cells, and discusses how cellular metabolism can be affected either directly or via signal transduction. Effect of damage in DNA (the key target of UV radiation) has been demonstrated and estimated using precise techniques. The latest “FOX Hunting” technique as a useful means of transcriptome analysis that may be used for developing UV tolerant plants through Marker Assisted Breeding has also been discussed. Using biochemical and biotechnological methods, the experiments presented highlight the gene X environment based upregulation of specific metabolic pathways, allowing i) value addition in plant-derived food, and ii) paving the way for the industrial manufacture of Alternative Medicine products. The book is enriched by a critical review of the available literature and appropriate case studies selected from the author’s own findings, which span nearly four decades of active research.

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