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Anemia --- Postnatal care. --- Puerperium. --- Nutritional aspects.

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Demographic surveys --- Health surveys --- Maternal health services --- Childbirth at home --- Postnatal care --- Newborn infants --- Statistical methods. --- Care

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Sociology of culture --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Sociology of social care --- Physiology: reproduction & development. Ages of life --- Nutritionary hygiene. Diet --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Gynaecology. Obstetrics --- History --- Health --- Multiculturalism --- International --- Postnatal care --- Motherhood --- Babies --- Food --- Book --- Breast feeding --- Experiences --- United States of America

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Improved outcomes for women and children - more education, lower fertility rates, higher nutritional status, and lower incidence of illness, among other outcomes - have broad individual, family, and societal benefits. For nearly 15 years, the targets of the millennium development goals (MDGs) have been a bellwether for progress, particularly for maternal and child health (MCH) - a two-thirds reduction in under-five mortality in MDG 4 and a three-quarters reduction in the maternal mortality ratio in MDG 5. This systematic review by the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) is a learning exercise that looks beyond World Bank experience. It is intended to be used a reference for practitioners in the Bank and elsewhere with an interest in interventions that have demonstrated attributable improvements in skilled birth attendance and reductions in maternal and child mortality. This review also identifies important gaps in the impact evaluation evidence for interventions that may be effective in reducing maternal and child mortality but whose impacts have not yet been tested using robust impact evaluation methods. The systematic review provides findings on what is known about the effects of interventions on skilled birth attendance, maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, infant mortality, and under-five mortality, as well as the effect of skilled birth attendance on these and other intermediate MCH outcomes. Finally, the review highlights the main gaps in the body of impact evaluation knowledge for maternal and child mortality.

Abortion --- Adolescent Health --- Birth Control --- Breastfeeding --- Child Health --- Child Mortality --- Childbirth --- Children --- Communicable Diseases --- Death --- Decision Making --- Developing Countries --- Disabilities --- Early Child and Children's Health --- Epidemiology --- Family Health --- Family Planning --- Fertility --- Fertility Rates --- Health --- Health Education --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health Outcomes --- Health Policy --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hospitals --- Hygiene --- Infant Mortality --- Information Campaigns --- International Cooperation --- Knowledge --- Malaria --- Marketing --- Maternal Health --- Maternal Mortality --- Measurement --- Millennium Development Goals --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- Mortality Rate --- Nurses --- Nutrition --- Physicians --- Population --- Postnatal Care --- Pregnancy --- Prevention --- Public Health --- Purchasing Power --- Purchasing Power Parity --- Respect --- Sanitation --- Social Networks --- Tetanus --- Waste --- Weight --- Women --- Workers --- World Health Organization

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Improved outcomes for women and children - more education, lower fertility rates, higher nutritional status, and lower incidence of illness, among other outcomes - have broad individual, family, and societal benefits. For nearly 15 years, the targets of the millennium development goals (MDGs) have been a bellwether for progress, particularly for maternal and child health (MCH) - a two-thirds reduction in under-five mortality in MDG 4 and a three-quarters reduction in the maternal mortality ratio in MDG 5. This systematic review by the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) is a learning exercise that looks beyond World Bank experience. It is intended to be used a reference for practitioners in the Bank and elsewhere with an interest in interventions that have demonstrated attributable improvements in skilled birth attendance and reductions in maternal and child mortality. This review also identifies important gaps in the impact evaluation evidence for interventions that may be effective in reducing maternal and child mortality but whose impacts have not yet been tested using robust impact evaluation methods. The systematic review provides findings on what is known about the effects of interventions on skilled birth attendance, maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, infant mortality, and under-five mortality, as well as the effect of skilled birth attendance on these and other intermediate MCH outcomes. Finally, the review highlights the main gaps in the body of impact evaluation knowledge for maternal and child mortality.

Abortion --- Adolescent Health --- Birth Control --- Breastfeeding --- Child Health --- Child Mortality --- Childbirth --- Children --- Communicable Diseases --- Death --- Decision Making --- Developing Countries --- Disabilities --- Early Child and Children's Health --- Epidemiology --- Family Health --- Family Planning --- Fertility --- Fertility Rates --- Health --- Health Education --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health Outcomes --- Health Policy --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hospitals --- Hygiene --- Infant Mortality --- Information Campaigns --- International Cooperation --- Knowledge --- Malaria --- Marketing --- Maternal Health --- Maternal Mortality --- Measurement --- Millennium Development Goals --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- Mortality Rate --- Nurses --- Nutrition --- Physicians --- Population --- Postnatal Care --- Pregnancy --- Prevention --- Public Health --- Purchasing Power --- Purchasing Power Parity --- Respect --- Sanitation --- Social Networks --- Tetanus --- Waste --- Weight --- Women --- Workers --- World Health Organization