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L’invenzione del laser ha generato una vera rivoluzione nella scienza e nella tecnologia e ha dato luogo alla nascita di una nuova disciplina chiamata Fotonica. Le applicazioni della Fotonica che hanno un impatto cruciale in molti ambiti della nostra vita sono le comunicazioni in fibra ottica su cui si basa il funzionamento di Internet e del traffico telefonico su grandi distanze, i dischi ottici (CD, DVD, Blu-ray), la sensoristica ottica di tipo industriale e ambientale, la lavorazione dei materiali e la chirurgia con il laser, l’illuminazione con i LED. Questa seconda edizione contiene diversi ampliamenti e modifiche al testo pubblicato nel 2012, che ha colmato un vuoto nel panorama italiano di testi universitari riguardanti la Fotonica. Dopo avere esposto in modo sintetico ma rigoroso i concetti che stanno alla base del funzionamento del laser e della propagazione della luce nella materia, sono descritti i principali componenti e dispositivi ottici e optoelettronici, quali le fibre ottiche, gli amplificatori, i modulatori e i rivelatori. Il capitolo finale fornisce anche cenni sulle principali applicazioni. In coda a tutti i capitoli, tranne l’ultimo, sono proposti degli esercizi. Il livello della trattazione e la scelta degli argomenti rendono il testo particolarmente adatto a un corso semestrale per studenti di Ingegneria e di Fisica, ma il volume può essere utile più in generale per dottorandi, ricercatori e progettisti che desiderino un’introduzione agile ai concetti e ai metodi della Fotonica.

Applied Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Microwaves. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Optical engineering. --- Mechanical engineering --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators

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This book provides a comprehensive description of various slab waveguide structures ranged from graded-index waveguide to symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide. In this book, the transfer Matrix method is developed and applied to analyze the simplest case and the complex generalizations. A novel symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide structure is proposed and systematically investigated for several issues of interest, such as biochemical sensing, Goos-Hänchen shift and the slow light effect, etc. Besides, this book summarizes the authors’ research works on waveguides over the last decade. The readers who are familiar with basic optics theory may find this book easy to read and rather inspiring.

Applied Physics --- Light & Optics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Light --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Nuclear reactions.

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Observational Astrophysics follows the general outline of an astrophysics undergraduate curriculum targeting practical observing information to what will be covered at the university level. This includes the basics of optics and coordinate systems to the technical details of CCD imaging, photometry, spectography and radio astronomy.  General enough to be used by students at a variety of institutions and advanced enough to be far more useful than observing guides targeted at amateurs, the author provides a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of observational astrophysics at undergraduate level to be used with a university’s teaching telescope.  The practical approach takes the reader from basic first year techniques to those required for a final year project. Using this textbook as a resource, students can easily become conversant in the practical aspects of astrophysics in the field as opposed to the classroom.

Astronomy - General --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astronomy. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Astrophysics. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators

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The thesis describes the development of receiver technologies for sub-millimetre astronomy instruments, focusing on high performance coherent cryogenic detectors operating close to the superconductor gap frequency. The mixer chip which comprises the SIS devices, fed by a unilateral finline and matching planar circuits was fabricated on 15 micron silicon substrate using the recently developed Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) technology. This offered broadband IF and RF performance, with fully integrated on-chip planar circuits resulting in an easily reproducible mixer chip and a simple mixer block. An important consequence of this design is that it can be extended to the supra-THz region and making the fabrication of multi-pixel heterodyne arrays feasible. The extension of the operation of major telescopes such as ALMA, APEX and the GLT from single pixel to large format arrays is the subject of extensive research at present time since it will allow fast mapping combined with high resolution of the submillimetre sky. The technology described in this thesis makes a major contribution to this effort.

Astronomy - General --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astronomy. --- Submillimeter astronomy. --- Submillimetre astronomy --- Radio astronomy --- Physical sciences --- Space sciences --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy—Observations. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical

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Light and light based technologies have played an important role in transforming our lives via scientific contributions spanned over thousands of years. In this book we present a vast collection of articles on various aspects of light and its applications in the contemporary world at a popular or semi-popular level. These articles are written by the world authorities in their respective fields. This is therefore a rare volume where the world experts have come together to present the developments in this most important field of science in an almost pedagogical manner. This volume covers five aspects related to light. The first presents two articles, one on the history of the nature of light, and the other on the scientific achievements of Ibn-Haitham (Alhazen), who is broadly considered the father of modern optics. These are then followed by an article on ultrafast phenomena and the invisible world. The third part includes papers on specific sources of light, the discoveries of which have revolutionized optical technologies in our lifetime. They discuss the nature and the characteristics of lasers, Solid-state lighting based on the Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology, and finally modern electron optics and its relationship to the Muslim golden age in science. The book’s fourth part discusses various applications of optics and light in today's world, including biophotonics, art, optical communication, nanotechnology, the eye as an optical instrument, remote sensing, and optics in medicine. In turn, the last part focuses on quantum optics, a modern field that grew out of the interaction of light and matter. Topics addressed include atom optics, slow, stored and stationary light, optical tests of the foundation of physics, quantum mechanical properties of light fields carrying orbital angular momentum, quantum communication, and Wave-Particle dualism in action.

Physics. --- Quantum optics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Quantum Optics. --- Popular Science in Physics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Optics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators