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Deze thesis behandelt de voorjaarsmigratie in Eilat, Israël en bestudeert het verloop van de voorjaarsmigratie voor een aantal representatieve langeafstandstrekkers. Zowel natuurlijke als artificiële habitats worden onderzocht en er wordt nagegaan in welke mate de trekvogels hier gebruik van maken en hoe de migratiepatronen verschillen.

Israël

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Promoting competition to enhance productivity at the firm level and resulting income and growth improvement and a lower cost of living is an important economic and social challenge in Israel. Consistent evidence shows multiple deficiencies leading to a dual functioning of the economy between exposed and sheltered sectors. Product markets are hampered by regulations that are far from best practice. Because of its geographical and geopolitical situation, Israel is less open to foreign trade than other small OECD countries. Moreover, its product markets feature monopolies in many sectors. Addressing these issues have been high on the policy agenda since the 2011 “tent protests”, and the authorities have adopted or launched reforms in many domains since then. However, further increases in foreign trade exposure by lowering non-tariff barriers, making regulation more competition-friendly in network industries, especially electricity, and reducing the oligopolistic structure of the food and banking sectors would still have considerable economic payoffs.This Working Paper relates to the 2016 OECD Economic Review of Israel www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-israel.htm

Economics --- Israel

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In recent decades, Israel’s growing population and rising incomes have seen consumption increase substantially, bringing with it considerable pressure on the environment. One of the main environmental pressures is from the ever-increasing transport activity, especially the use of private vehicles. Although travelling in a private vehicle brings benefits to the individual using it, this entails costs to society as a whole. These social costs extend beyond the private costs of the car and the fuel borne by the car user, imposing a burden on public health and the environment. Transport involves noise, local air pollution, and contributes to climate change, congestion, accidents, and wear and tear to infrastructure. All these negatively affect public health and quality of life in general, a fact not taken into account when an individual chooses whether or not to buy a car. This is known as a “market failure”, because the price of a car does not fully reflect the social costs of using it. Governments can correct market failures like these through policies that ensure that the actual costs to society are incorporated within the price of a car, thus influencing consumers’ purchases. This paper describes how Israel developed an innovative scheme to encourage consumers to choose less polluting cars. The Green Tax scheme targets reductions in all polluting vehicle emissions, not only carbon dioxide (CO2). The paper outlines the design process, reflects on the challenges encountered and the environmental, economic and social impacts. It concludes by discussing the wider lessons that are raised for other governments seeking to tackle similar environmental problems.

Environment --- Israel

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Excavations (Archaeology) --- Acre (Israel) --- Antiquities. --- Acca (Israel) --- Accho (Israel) --- Ptolemais (Israel) --- Akka (Israel) --- Ace (Israel) --- Akko (Israel) --- Saint Jean d'Acre (Israel) --- Acco (Israel) --- ʻAko (Israel) --- Akkon (Israel) --- Acri (Israel) --- Acre, Israel --- Ake-Ptolemais (Israel) --- San Giovanni d'Acri (Israel) --- Accon (Israel) --- St Jean d'Acre (Israel)

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"The final season of excavations at Tel Beer-sheba, the eighth, took place in the summer of 1976 and was carried out after his demise by Aharoni's chief assistants, Ze'ev Herzog, Itzhaq Beit-Arieh and Anson F. Rainey. The latter two regrettably did not live to see the completion of this publication. But they shared in the work, as did the young staff members who enabled the Tel Beer-sheba project to become a reality. To Fredrick Brandfon of the University of Pennsylvania, Steven Derfler of the University of Minnesota and Le-Grande Davies of Brigham Young University go our sincere thanks"--

Beersheba (Israel) --- History.