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Arbitration (International law) --- Arbitration, International --- International arbitration --- International political arbitration --- Pacific settlement of international disputes --- International commissions of inquiry --- Jurisdiction (International law) --- Mediation, International

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In 1885, Germany and Portugal became neighbours in Africa. The newly founded colony of German Southwest Africa prevented the southwards expansion of the ancient colony of Angola. The border along the Cunene and Kavango Rivers remained under dispute. After the outbreak of World War I in Europe, Portugal’s neutrality was questioned in German Southwest Africa, and when a group of German officials waiting near the border of Angola for food transports were shot in the Angolan fortress Naulila, a state of war between both colonies seemed inevitable. German troops launched several military reprisals against fortresses in southern Angola, most significantly against Naulila in December 1914. After their victory at Naulila, the Germans retreated to GSWA. However, African powers, most notably Kwanyama forces led by King Mandume, used the weakness of the defeated Portuguese army to expel the colonial troops from southern Angola. In 1915, a counter-offensive was launched with troops from Portugal that ended with the complete occupation of Kwanyama territories. After the war, a Luso-German arbitration procedure according to the Treaty of Versailles (1919) assessed the damages in Angola and Germany’s responsibility to pay reparations. The arbitration award of 1928 that established Germany’s responsibility for the violation of international law when attacking Naulila became a landmark case. It still holds relevance for modern international law. The final part of this book analyses the memorial culture that developed in Angola, Namibia, Germany and Portugal around the war in 1914/15.

Angola --- World War I --- arbitration --- colonialism --- international law --- memorial culture --- International law --- Arbitration (International law) --- World War, 1914-1918 --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Arbitration, International --- International arbitration --- International political arbitration --- Pacific settlement of international disputes --- International commissions of inquiry --- Jurisdiction (International law) --- Mediation, International --- History --- Campaigns --- Portugal --- Claims vs. Germany. --- Portugalii︠a︡ --- República Portuguesa --- Portugalia --- Portogalia --- Portogallo --- Portugali --- Sefarad --- Lusitania (Portugal) --- Portuguese Republic --- البرتغال --- al-Burtughāl --- برتغال --- Burtughāl --- الجمهورية البرتغالية --- al-Jumhūrīyah al-Burtughālīyah --- جمهورية البرتغالية --- Jumhūrīyah al-Burtughālīyah --- 葡萄牙 --- Putaoya --- 葡萄牙共和国 --- Putaoya Gongheguo --- Portugalsko --- Portugalská republika --- République portugaise --- Portugiesische Republik --- Portugál Köztársaság --- Repubblica Portoghese --- ポルトガル共和国 --- Porutogaru Kyōwakoku --- 포르투갈 --- P'orŭt'ugal --- 포르투갈공화국 --- P'orŭt'ugal Konghwaguk --- پرتغال --- Purtughāl --- جمهوري پرتغال --- Jumhūrī-i Purtughāl --- Republika Portugalska --- Португалия --- Португальская Республика --- Portugalʹskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Portekiz --- Portekiz Cumhuriyeti --- Republica Portugheză --- ポルトガル --- Porutogaru --- פורטוגל

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"The national treatment obligation prohibits discrimination between foreign goods, services and service suppliers and domestic goods, services and service suppliers. Begin Box Under the national treatment obligation, WTO Member Agricola may not treat chocolate from Industria less favourably than it treats its domestic chocolate, once the chocolate from Industria has entered the Agricolan market. Neither may Agricola treat Industrian coffeehouses established in Agricola less favourably than Agricolan coffeehouses. End Box"--

Foreign trade regulation --- Arbitration (International law) --- World Trade Organization --- Foreign trade regulation. --- Arbitration, International --- International arbitration --- International political arbitration --- Pacific settlement of international disputes --- International commissions of inquiry --- Jurisdiction (International law) --- Mediation, International --- Export and import controls --- Foreign trade control --- Import and export controls --- International trade --- International trade control --- International trade regulation --- Prohibited exports and imports --- Trade regulation --- Law and legislation --- World Trade Organization. --- Biśva Bāṇijya Saṃsthā --- Dėlkhiĭn Khudaldaany Baĭguullaga --- DTÖ --- Dünya Ticaret Örgütü --- Munaẓẓamat al-Tijārah al-ʻĀlamīyah --- O.M.C. --- OMC --- ʻOngkān Kānkhā Lōk --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Organización Mundial de Comercio --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Organizația Mondială de Comerț --- Organizzazione mondiale del commercio --- Organizzazione mondiale per il commercio --- Qaṅgkār Bāṇijjakamm Bibhab Lok --- Sāzmān-i Tijārat-i Jahānī --- Shi jie mao yi zu zhi --- SOT --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svitova orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ torhivli --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Tổ chức thương mại thế giới --- Viśva Vyapāra Saṅgaṭhana --- Vsemirnai︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- VTO --- W.T.O. --- Welthandelsorganisation --- World Trade Organisation --- WTO --- منظمة التجارة العالمية --- 世界貿易組織 --- 世界贸易组织 --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization)

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Arbitrage international --- Cours d'arbitrage --- international arbitration. --- court of arbitration. --- giurisdizione arbitrale --- választottbíróság --- арбитражен съд --- tribunal tal-arbitraġġ --- arbitražni sud --- arbitrážny súd --- välimiesoikeus --- Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit --- šķīrējtiesa --- jurisdicción arbitral --- arbitražo teismas --- curte de arbitraj --- jurisdição de arbitragem --- арбитражни суд --- vahekohus --- арбитражен суд --- skiljedomstol --- sądownictwo polubowne --- juridiction arbitrale --- scheidsrechtspraak --- arbitrážní soud --- razsodišče --- voldgiftsdomstol --- διαιτητικό δικαστήριο --- gjykatë arbitrazhi --- arbitration tribunal --- izbrani sud --- collegio arbitrale --- tribunale arbitrale --- Schiedsgericht --- арбитражи --- scheidsgerecht --- arbitraaž --- избрани судови --- арбитражен трибунал --- választottbírói testület --- arbitražno sudište --- arbitrážny tribunál --- gjykatë e posaçme arbitrazhi --- Tribunal de Arbitragem --- trečiųjų teismas --- tribunal arbitral --- internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit --- међународна арбитража --- arbitraj internațional --- arbitraje internacional --- medzinárodná arbitráž --- arbitrazh ndërkombëtar --- nemzetközi választottbíráskodás --- arbitragem internacional --- internationell skiljedom --- međunarodna arbitraža --- arbitraġġ internazzjonali --- internationale arbitrage --- international voldgift --- международен арбитраж --- tarptautinis arbitražas --- меѓународна арбитража --- arbitrato internazionale --- arbitrage international --- mednarodna arbitraža --- arbitraż międzynarodowy --- starptautiskā šķīrējtiesa --- mezinárodní arbitráž --- kansainvälinen välimiesmenettely --- rahvusvaheline vahekohtumenetlus --- διεθνής διαιτησία --- internationale Vermittlung --- mezinárodní smírčí řízení --- tarptautinis sutaikinimas --- starptautiska starpniecība --- Gjykatë e Përhershme e Arbitrazhit --- mezinárodní zprostředkování --- conciliation internationale --- rahvusvaheline lepitusmenetlus --- nemzetközi egyeztetés --- conciliação internacional --- Tribunal Permanente de Arbitragem --- international mægling --- internationalt forlig --- kansainvälinen sovittelu --- internationale verzoening --- mediere internațională --- pajtim ndërkombëtar --- international mediation --- medzinárodné sprostredkovanie --- international conciliation --- corte permanente d'arbitrato --- conciliazione internazionale --- rahvusvaheline vahendusmenetlus --- permanent skiljedomstol --- međunarodno posredovanje --- médiation internationale --- Διαρκές Διαιτητικό Δικαστήριο --- starptautiskā arbitrāža --- mediación internacional --- nemzetközi békéltetés --- internationell medling --- меѓународно помирување --- alaline vahekohus --- mediazione internazionale --- medzinárodné vyrovnanie --- međunarodno mirenje --- conciliación internacional --- conciliere internațională --- меѓународно посредување --- Pastāvīgā Starptautiskā šķīrējtiesa --- меѓународна медијација --- rozhodčí výrok --- internationale Schlichtung --- Tribunal Permanente de Arbitraje --- Internationaler Schiedsgerichtshof --- Pastāvīgā šķīrējtiesa --- pysyvä välitystuomioistuin --- internationale bemiddeling --- διεθνής συμφιλίωση --- tarptautinis tarpininkavimas --- Permanent Court of Arbitration --- постојан трибунал за арбитража --- Den Faste Voldgiftsret --- stály rozhodcovský súd --- mezinárodní rozhodčí řízení --- stående voldgiftsdomstol --- ndërmjetësim ndërkombëtar --- Ständiger Schiedsgerichtshof --- διεθνής μεσολάβηση --- permanent hof van arbitrage --- Cour permanente d'arbitrage --- Állandó Választottbíróság --- stálý rozhodčí dvůr --- Nuolatinis arbitražo teismas --- starptautiska domstarpību izšķiršana --- Arbitration (International law) --- Forecasting. --- Arbitration, International --- International arbitration --- International political arbitration --- Pacific settlement of international disputes --- International commissions of inquiry --- Jurisdiction (International law) --- Mediation, International

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Arbitrating for Peace. How Arbitration Made a Difference' focuses on the geopolitical role played by international arbitration over the centuries. The book convincingly demonstrates how international arbitration has made a difference and contributed to peaceful resolution of conflicts. Although short of attaining the ideal of a "substitute for war", arbitration has largely succeeded in peacefully resolving international disputes. Beyond that, arbitral commitments and arbitral processes have deepened civilized and cooperative international relations, promoted the development of international law and international institutions, and facilitated the well-being of mankind in important ways. Particulars of that proposition are set forth in this book.

Arbitrage international --- Droit international --- Maintien de la paix --- settlement of disputes. --- international arbitration. --- international law. --- establishment of peace. --- internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit --- међународна арбитража --- arbitraj internațional --- arbitraje internacional --- medzinárodná arbitráž --- arbitrazh ndërkombëtar --- nemzetközi választottbíráskodás --- arbitragem internacional --- internationell skiljedom --- međunarodna arbitraža --- arbitraġġ internazzjonali --- internationale arbitrage --- international voldgift --- международен арбитраж --- tarptautinis arbitražas --- меѓународна арбитража --- arbitrato internazionale --- arbitrage international --- mednarodna arbitraža --- arbitraż międzynarodowy --- starptautiskā šķīrējtiesa --- mezinárodní arbitráž --- kansainvälinen välimiesmenettely --- rahvusvaheline vahekohtumenetlus --- διεθνής διαιτησία --- internationale Vermittlung --- mezinárodní smírčí řízení --- tarptautinis sutaikinimas --- starptautiska starpniecība --- Gjykatë e Përhershme e Arbitrazhit --- mezinárodní zprostředkování --- conciliation internationale --- rahvusvaheline lepitusmenetlus --- nemzetközi egyeztetés --- conciliação internacional --- Tribunal Permanente de Arbitragem --- international mægling --- internationalt forlig --- kansainvälinen sovittelu --- internationale verzoening --- mediere internațională --- pajtim ndërkombëtar --- international mediation --- medzinárodné sprostredkovanie --- international conciliation --- corte permanente d'arbitrato --- conciliazione internazionale --- rahvusvaheline vahendusmenetlus --- permanent skiljedomstol --- međunarodno posredovanje --- médiation internationale --- Διαρκές Διαιτητικό Δικαστήριο --- starptautiskā arbitrāža --- mediación internacional --- nemzetközi békéltetés --- internationell medling --- меѓународно помирување --- alaline vahekohus --- mediazione internazionale --- medzinárodné vyrovnanie --- međunarodno mirenje --- conciliación internacional --- conciliere internațională --- меѓународно посредување --- Pastāvīgā Starptautiskā šķīrējtiesa --- меѓународна медијација --- rozhodčí výrok --- internationale Schlichtung --- Tribunal Permanente de Arbitraje --- Internationaler Schiedsgerichtshof --- Pastāvīgā šķīrējtiesa --- pysyvä välitystuomioistuin --- internationale bemiddeling --- διεθνής συμφιλίωση --- tarptautinis tarpininkavimas --- Permanent Court of Arbitration --- постојан трибунал за арбитража --- Den Faste Voldgiftsret --- stály rozhodcovský súd --- mezinárodní rozhodčí řízení --- stående voldgiftsdomstol --- ndërmjetësim ndërkombëtar --- Ständiger Schiedsgerichtshof --- διεθνής μεσολάβηση --- permanent hof van arbitrage --- Cour permanente d'arbitrage --- Állandó Választottbíróság --- stálý rozhodčí dvůr --- Nuolatinis arbitražo teismas --- starptautiska domstarpību izšķiršana --- riżoluzzjoni ta' tilwimiet --- διευθέτηση των διαφορών --- domstarpību izšķiršana --- решавање спорова --- riitojen ratkaiseminen --- regulowanie sporów --- composizione delle controversie --- zgjidhje e mosmarrëveshjeve --- solución de conflictos --- ginčų sprendimas --- Beilegung der Streitigkeiten --- vaidluste lahendamine --- beslechting van geschillen --- řešení sporů --- bilæggelse af tvister --- reševanje sporov --- vitarendezés --- urovnávanie sporov --- règlement des différends --- решавање спорови --- soluționarea conflictelor --- rješavanje sporova --- tvistlösning --- уреждане на спорове --- resolução de diferendos --- διευθέτηση διενέξεων --- dispute settlement --- уреждане на конфликти --- arreglo de controversias --- konflikta atrisināšana --- soluzione dei conflitti --- mirovna pogajanja --- negocieri de pace --- reglementarea conflictelor --- mírová jednání --- selkkausten ratkaiseminen --- conflict resolution --- résolution des conflits --- resolução de conflitos --- konfliktlösning --- решавање спорови по вонсудски пат --- мировни преговори --- risoluzione delle controversie --- мирни преговори --- reševanje konfliktov --- mirovni pregovori --- vredesonderhandeling --- konfliktide lahendamine --- rešitev sporov --- konfliktbilæggelse --- fredsförhandlingar --- rozstrzyganie sporów --- miera sarunas --- tvistbilæggelse --- riżoluzzjoni ta' kunflitti --- mírové řešení sporů --- peace negotiations --- risoluzione dei conflitti --- resolución de litigios --- urovnávanie konfliktov --- Lösung der Konflikte --- разрешаване на конфликти --- решавање спорови по судски пат --- mírové urovnání sporů --- rahuläbirääkimised --- reglementarea diferendelor --- conflict settlement --- urovnání sporů --- negocjacje pokojowe --- решавање конфликти --- oplossing van conflicten --- mierové rokovania --- Friedensverhandlung --- negoziato di pace --- Beilegung der Konflikte --- rauhanneuvottelut --- konfliktusrendezés --- konfliktuskezelés --- konflikta izlīdzināšana --- béketárgyalások --- negozjati ta' paċi --- negociação de paz --- negociación de paz --- erimielisyyksien ratkaiseminen --- konfliktų sprendimas --- règlement des conflits --- taikos derybos --- επίλυση διαμάχης --- riešenie konfliktov --- ειρηνευτικές διαπραγματεύσεις --- zgjidhje e mosmarrëveshjes --- negociata për paqe --- fredsforhandling --- rozwiązywanie konfliktów --- zgjidhje e konfliktit --- négociation de paix --- totstandbrenging van de vrede --- fredsskapande --- instauration de la paix --- успостављање мира --- rauhan rakentaminen --- uspostava mira --- stabiliment tal-paċi --- instauración de la paz --- instauração da paz --- opnåelse af fred --- ustanovenie mieru --- εγκαθίδρυση της ειρήνης --- vzpostavitev miru --- rahu kehtestamine --- taikos įvedimas --- instaurazione della pace --- béketeremtés --- krijim i paqes --- stabilirea păcii --- воспоставување мир --- zaprowadzenie pokoju --- miera nodibināšana --- Herbeiführung des Friedens --- nastolení míru --- установяване на мир --- costruzione della pace --- αποκατάσταση της ειρήνης --- graditev miru --- consolidação da paz --- tiswir tal-paċi --- starptautiskā miera un drošības saglabāšana --- consolidarea păcii --- mírová smlouva --- rétablissement de la paix --- taikos procesas --- fredsproces --- rauhan aikaansaaminen --- rivendosje e paqes --- ostvarenje mira --- Wiederherstellung des Friedens --- budovanie mieru --- ripristino della pace --- fredsbyggande åtgärder --- vredesopbouw --- proces i paqes --- restablecimiento de la paz --- consolidamento della pace --- taikos atkūrimas --- miera atjaunošana --- mírový proces --- proces de pace --- peacebuilding --- bewerkstelligen van de vrede --- miera līgums --- budování míru --- miera panākšana --- processo de paz --- dosažení míru --- taikos nustatymas --- rahuprotsess --- obnovení míru --- fredsbevarande åtgärder --- békeépítés --- Friedensaufbau --- οικοδόμηση της ειρήνης --- ponovna uspostava mira --- proceso de paz --- rauhanprosessi --- herstellen van de vrede --- izgradnja mira --- dojednání míru --- arritje e paqes --- miera veidošana --- budowanie pokoju --- estabelecimento da paz --- peace process --- consolidación de la paz --- Daytonski sporazum --- achievement of peace --- restabilirea păcii --- consolidation de la paix --- miera process --- békefolyamat --- rahu taastamine --- construção da paz --- taikos kūrimas --- vredesproces --- fredsopbygning --- restabelecimento da paz --- rahu saavutamine --- rahu tagamine --- fredsstiftande --- genoprettelse af fred --- Friedensprozess --- rauhan palauttaminen --- изграждане на мира --- re-establishment of peace --- béke helyreállítása --- mirovni proces --- znovunastolení míru --- међународно право --- kansainvälinen oikeus --- nemzetközi jog --- droit international --- международно право --- internationaal recht --- rahvusvaheline õigus --- tarptautinė teisė --- direito internacional --- international ret --- διεθνές δίκαιο --- dritt internazzjonali --- internationales Recht --- меѓународно право --- međunarodno pravo --- internationell rätt --- diritto internazionale --- prawo międzynarodowe --- e drejtë ndërkombëtare --- Derecho internacional --- drept internațional --- medzinárodné právo --- mednarodno pravo --- starptautisko tiesību akti --- mezinárodní právo --- меѓународно процесно право --- меѓународна постапка --- internationale procedure --- меѓународни судови --- starptautiskās tiesības --- starptautisko tiesību normas --- procedura internazionale --- меѓународни договори --- internationales Prozessrecht --- internationales Prozeßrecht --- Arbitration (International law) --- Arbitration, International --- International arbitration --- International political arbitration --- Pacific settlement of international disputes --- International commissions of inquiry --- Jurisdiction (International law) --- Mediation, International