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The Enterprise Surveys (ES) focus on many aspects of the business environment. These factors can be accommodating or constraining for firms and play an important role in whether an economy's private sector will thrive or not. An accommodating business environment is one that encourages firms to operate efficiently. Such conditions strengthen incentives for firms to innovate and to increase productivity, key factors for sustainable development. A more productive private sector, in turn, expands employment and contributes taxes necessary for public investment in health, education, and other services. Questions contained in the ES aim at covering most of the topics mentioned above. The topics include infrastructure, trade, finance, regulations, taxes and business licensing, corruption, crime and informality, access to finance, innovation, labor, and perceptions about obstacles to doing business. This document summarizes the results of the Enterprise Survey for El Salvador. Business owners and top managers in 719 firms were interviewed March 2016 to August 2016.

Access to Finance --- Business Environment --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Corruption --- Crime --- Enterprise Development & Reform --- Infrastructure --- Private Sector Development --- Taxes --- Trade

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The Enterprise Surveys (ES) focus on many aspects of the business environment. These factors can be accommodating or constraining for firms and play an important role in whether an economy's private sector will thrive or not. An accommodating business environment is one that encourages firms to operate efficiently. Such conditions strengthen incentives for firms to innovate and to increase productivity, key factors for sustainable development. A more productive private sector, in turn, expands employment and contributes taxes necessary for public investment in health, education, and other services. Questions contained in the ES aim at covering most of the topics mentioned above. The topics include infrastructure, trade, finance, regulations, taxes and business licensing, corruption, crime and informality, access to finance, innovation, labor, and perceptions about obstacles to doing business. This document summarizes the results of the Enterprise Survey for Swaziland. Business owners and top managers in 150 firms were interviewed August 2016 and November 2016.

Access to Finance --- Business Environment --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Corruption --- Crime --- Enterprise Development & Reform --- Infrastructure --- Private Sector Development --- Taxes --- Trade

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This handbook has been developed to provide instruction on the design and implementation of incentives for resource-efficiency purposes. The target audience is World Bank staff and stakeholders who are supporting the implementation of a resource-efficiency program in a country on behalf of the government, development finance institution (DFI) or other institution. It is intended to be applicable to most, if not all, resource-efficiency issues and incentives. However, it has a particular focus on energy-efficiency issues as this is the particular focus of the World Bank's Climate Competitive Industries program, and is an area with a high level of interest from industry stakeholders. This handbook will help practitioners to understand: (i) why incentives should be used; (ii) the kinds of incentives that are available; (iii) how incentives can be combined; (iv) how to diagnose the resource-efficiency issues and potential for action in the country; (v) what the key considerations are in the selection and design on an incentive; and (vi) which institutional processes are required to support implementation of an incentive. It sets out the key considerations in designing and implementing an incentive for resource efficiency. Given the breadth of the potential areas of application, the handbook provides an introduction to each incentive type and sets out the skeleton approach to implementing an incentive. Further reading and support will be required at key stages to enable readers to undertake some of the technical aspects of implementation. For this reason, the handbook should be considered the entry point for any party considering an incentive scheme for resource efficiency. However, additional expertise may need to be sought when it comes to the actual design of a specific incentive.

Carbon Policy and Trading --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Environment --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Enterprise Development & Reform --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Private Sector Development

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This systematic review is an effort to fill the knowledge gap about the effectiveness of PrivateSector Development (PSD) interventions in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations (FCS). Theobjective of the review is to identify and extract evidence from published evaluations of PSDinterventions in FCS on what has or has not worked in terms of achieving development results,including contributions to peace and stability. The review identified 312 published evaluations of PSD interventions carried out between 2005 and 2014, of which 56 constituted the final data set for the review analysis. The review covered evaluations in 23 countries classified as FCS by the World Bank from 2005-14 and three other countries that experienced conflict. Annex 1 shows how each of the 23 countries were categorized according to the country's conflict status from the FCS list. In summarizing the evidence, we defined 'effectiveness' as how external evaluators measuredthe degree of success in attaining the planned results and objectives of PSD projects in FCS.Project effectiveness was measured within four business lines: SME support, infrastructure,access to finance and investment climate reform. The evaluability, or the ability of evaluators to determine how well projects were implemented, was weak in some projects under review. For example, in 25 percent of the evaluated projects, outcomes were either poorly defined or not appropriate. In addition, the basis for determining success across individual projects was not always clear because projects sometimes defined outputs and outcomes differently, even when long and short-term results were achieved. This limited our ability to appropriately catalog the projects' evidence in a consistent and clear manner.

Business Environment --- Conflict and Development --- Economic Assistance --- Enterprise Development & Reform --- Fragile States --- Law and Development --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Private Sector Development --- Private Sector Development Law --- Private Sector Economics

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Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, notes that Bangladesh offers us many lessons in ending extreme poverty, and one of the most important is that innovation plays a critical role. Bangladesh recognized decades ago that empowering women is essential to ending extreme poverty. Leaders arrived at the logical conclusion that countries can never reach their full economic potential if half the population is not fully participating. The World Bank Group is looking forward to working with Bangladesh to promote private sector investment by strengthening governance and improving the investment climate. Now, foreign direct investment is less than 1.7 percent of GDP in Bangladesh, far below that of most countries; foreign direct investment in Vietnam, for instance, was 6.1 percent of GDP. Strengthening governance will help lead to more jobs in infrastructure, diversify exports, and ensure the health and safety of workers. Bangladesh has shown the world that a long list of hardships can be overcome. In fact, its people have shown that innovation, commitment, setting goals, and visionary leadership can accomplish feats that few dared imagine. Bangladesh can continue to build on this record and can end extreme poverty by 2030 and boost shared prosperity.

Conditional cash transfers --- Education --- Education for all --- Educational attainment --- Enterprise development and reform --- Family planning --- Foreign direct investment --- Inequality --- Labor markets --- Poverty reduction --- Primary education --- Private sector development --- Social protections and labor