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This paper empirically assesses the role of structural and institutional reforms in driving productivity growth across countries at different stages of development, using a distance-to-frontier framework. It gauges whether particular policies and reforms matter more for increasing productivity growth at the aggregate and sectoral levels for some emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) than others. Recognizing the possibility of time lags between reform implementation and reform payoffs, the paper also examines how productivity gains from various reforms evolve over the the short- and medium-term.

Macroeconomics --- Agribusiness --- Production and Operations Management --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Institutions and Growth --- Measurement of Economic Growth --- Aggregate Productivity --- Cross-Country Output Convergence --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Agriculture: General --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Agricultural economics --- Productivity --- Total factor productivity --- Labor productivity --- Agricultural sector --- Personal income --- Economic sectors --- National accounts --- Industrial productivity --- Agricultural industries --- Income --- United States