Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Le dépistage de la surdité est en réalisé systématiquement en néo-natalité depuis 2006 en Fédération Wallonie Bruxelles. Le mémoire porte sur l’intérêt et l’impact de celui-ci. Un état des lieux de la manière dont est réalisée le dépistage en Fédération Wallonie Bruxelles, en Flandre et au Luxembourg nous a permis de pouvoir comparer les différentes techniques et de timing de dépistage. Une recherche dans la littérature permet de relever les principaux arguments qui poussent au dépistage de la surdité et les recommandations : un dépistage avant 3 mois, un diagnostic avant 6 mois, et un traitement avant 9 mois. Nous détaillerons brièvement le personnel en charge de test, la confirmation du diagnostic ainsi que la prise en charge médicale et paramédicale de la surdité. Dans un deuxième temps, différentes caractéristiques de dépistage organisées dans les deux régions belges ont été comparées : couverture, sensibilité, spécificité, valeur prédictive positive et « perdus de vue ». Sont également relevés différents facteurs qui influencent le dépistage tel que la sortie précoce de la maternité et l’organisation du suivi post-natal par l’ONE. La référence au critère d’un test de dépistage défini par l’OMS, permette de mieux cibler les points qui sont sujets à discussion. Concernant le dépistage néonatal de la surdité : un traitement bien défini, un test fiable bien toléré ; un acte unique. Seront mis également en évidence les risques du dépistage sur le lien mère nouveau-né. Cet acte a des conséquences psychologiques à prendre en compte, qui peuvent être atténuées avec un test à 4 semaines plutôt qu’à trois jours de vie. Un rapide survol de la question éthique soulevée par l’implant cochléaire sera également réalisé. En terminant ce travail, nous nous rendons compte que le dépistage, bien qu’anodin sur le plan physique ne l’est pas autant sur le plan psychologique et qu’il existe un test qui semble moins préjudiciable en Flandre mais dans la mise en place semble difficile en Fédération Wallonie Bruxelles. La solution dont nous disposons à l’heure actuelle n’est pas la meilleure mais peut-être la moins mauvaise au vu des moyens disponibles. Hearing screening is systematically released in neonatal since 2006 in the Wallonia-Brussels. This thesis focuses on its interest and its impact.An overview of how testing is done in Wallonia-Brussels, Flanders, France and Luxembourg gave us the opportunity to compare different techniques and timings of screening.First, main arguments listed in scientific literature lead into recommendations of a hearing screening: screening in first three months, diagnosis before six months and treatment before nine months. We will briefly detail the staff in charge of the test, the confirmation of the diagnosis, and the medical and paramedical deafness support.Secondly, different characteristics of screenings organized in the two Belgian regions were compared: cover, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and lost sight of patients. We also identified various factors influencing screening such as early discharge from hospital and the organization of post-natal monitoring by ONE (Office de la Naissance et de l’ Enfance). We used criteria of a defined WHO (World Health Organization) screening test as reference in targeting points that are subject to discussion regarding neonatal hearing screening: a well defined process; reliable and well tolerated test; a single act.We will also highlight the risks of screening on the mother-newborn link. This act has psychological consequences to be considered, which can be alleviated with a test performed at four weeks rather than three days of life. A quick review of the ethical issues raised by the cochlear implant will be added.ln closing this work, we realize screening, although physically harmless, can be quite stressful on a psychological level. While there is a test in Flanders looking less harmful, its implementation in Wallonia­ Brussels seems difficult. The presenting solution we have is not the best, but it might be the most appropriate, given the available resources.

Deafness --- Neonatal Screening

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This in-depth encyclopedic collection of articles defines the current state of Deaf Studies at an international level. This new encyclopedia shifts away from the 'Medical/Pathological Model', and instead has the focus on deaf people as members of a distinct cultural group with a distinct and vibrant community and way of being.

Deafness --- Deaf --- Deaf culture --- Study and teaching. --- History

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Hard of hearing people --- Deafness --- Veterans --- Research --- Medical care

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"This collection of new research examines the development of deaf people's autonomy and citizenship discourses as they sought access to full citizenship rights in local and national settings. Covering the period of 1780-1970, the essays in this collection explore deaf peoples' claims to autonomy in their personal, religious, social, and organizational lives and make the case that deaf Americans sought to engage, claim, and protect deaf autonomy and citizenship in the face of rising nativism and eugenic currents of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. These essays reveal how deaf people used their agency to engage in vigorous debates about issues that constantly tested the values of deaf people as Americans. The debates overlapped with social trends and spilled out into particular physical and social spaces such as clubs and churches, as well as within families. These previously unexplored areas in Deaf history intersect with important subthemes in American history, such as Southern history, religious history, and Western history. The contributors demonstrate that as deaf people pushed for their rights as citizens, they met with resistance from hearing people, and the results of their efforts were decidedly mixed. These works reinforce the Deaf community's longstanding desire to be part of the state--that is, to be first-class citizens. In Our Own Hands contributes to an increased understanding of the struggle for citizenship and expands our current understanding of race, gender, religion, and other trends in Deaf history"-- "The essays in this collection explore deaf peoples' claims to autonomy in their personal, religious, social, and organizational lives and reveal how these debates overlapped with social trends and spilled out into social spaces"--

Deaf --- Deaf-mutes --- Deaf people --- Deafness --- Hearing impaired --- Deafblind people --- History. --- Patients

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Communication is vital for social participation. However, communication often takes place under suboptimal conditions. This makes communication harder and less reliable, leading at worst to social isolation. In order to promote participation, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying communication in different situations. Human communication is often speech based, either oral or written, but may also involve gesture, either accompanying speech or in the form of sign language. For communication to be achieved, a signal generated by one person has to be perceived by another person, attended to, comprehended and responded to. This process may be hindered by adverse conditions including factors that may be internal to the sender (e.g. incomplete or idiosyncratic language production), occur during transmission (e.g. background noise or signal processing) or be internal to the receiver (e.g. poor grasp of the language or sensory impairment). The extent to which these factors interact to generate adverse conditions may differ across the lifespan. Recent work has shown that successful speech communication under adverse conditions is associated with good cognitive capacity including efficient working memory and executive abilities such as updating and inhibition. Further, frontoparietal networks associated with working memory and executive function have been shown to be activated to a greater degree when it is harder to achieve speech comprehension. To date, less work has focused on sign language communication under adverse conditions or the role of gestures accompanying speech communication under adverse conditions. It has been proposed that the role of working memory in communication under such conditions is to keep fragments of an incomplete signal in mind, updating them as appropriate and inhibiting irrelevant information, until an adequate match can be achieved with lexical and semantic representations held in long term memory. Recent models of working memory highlight an episodic buffer whose role is the multimodal integration of information from the senses and long term memory. It is likely that the episodic buffer plays a key role in communication under adverse conditions. The aim of this research topic is to draw together multiple perspectives on communication under adverse conditions including empirical and theoretical approaches. This will facilitate a scientific exchange among individual scientists and groups studying different aspects of communication under adverse conditions and/or the role of cognition in communication. As such, this topic belongs firmly within the field of Cognitive Hearing Science. Exchange of ideas among scientists with different perspectives on these issues will allow researchers to identify and highlight the way in which different internal and external factors interact to make communication in different modalities more or less successful across the lifespan. Such exchange is the forerunner of broader dissemination of results which ultimately, may make it possible to take measures to reduce adverse conditions, thus facilitating communication. Such measures might be implemented in relation to the built environment, the design of hearing aids and public awareness.

Deafness --- Hearing --- working memory --- speech understanding --- Signal processing --- adverse conditions --- Cognition --- Executive Function --- Communication