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This book deals primarily with monitoring, prediction and understanding of Tropical Cyclones (TCs). It was envisioned to serve as a teaching and reference resource at universities and academic institutions for researchers and post-graduate students. It has been designed to provide a broad outlook on recent advances in observations, assimilation and modeling of TCs with detailed and advanced information on genesis, intensification, movement and storm surge prediction. Specifically, it focuses on (i) state-of-the-art observations for advancing TC research, (ii) advances in numerical weather prediction for TCs, (iii) advanced assimilation and vortex initialization techniques, (iv) ocean coupling, (v) current capabilities to predict TCs, and (vi) advanced research in physical and dynamical processes in TCs. The chapters in the book are authored by leading international experts from academic, research and operational environments. The book is also expected to stimulate critical thinking for cyclone forecasters and researchers, managers, policy makers, and graduate and post-graduate students to carry out future research in the field of TCs.

Earth sciences. --- Natural disasters. --- Physical geography. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Environmental sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Natural Hazards. --- Earth System Sciences. --- Environmental Science and Engineering. --- Cyclone forecasting. --- Typhoons. --- Cyclones --- Forecasting, Cyclone --- Forecasting --- Weather forecasting --- Geology. --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Environmental science --- Science --- Geography --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Atmospheric sciences --- Atmosphere

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This paper studies the economic costs of hurricanes in the Caribbean by constructing a novel dataset that combines a detailed record of tropical cyclones’ characteristics with reported damages. I estimate the relation between hurricane wind speeds and damages in the Caribbean; finding that the elasticity of damages to GDP ratio with respect to maximum wind speeds is three in the case of landfalls. The data show that hurricane damages are considerably underreported, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s, with average damages potentially being three times as large as the reported average of 1.6 percent of GDP per year. I document and show that hurricanes that do not make landfall also have considerable negative impacts on the Caribbean economies. Finally, I estimate that the average annual hurricane damages in the Caribbean will increase between 22 and 77 percent by the year 2100, in a global warming scenario of high CO2 concentrations and high global temperatures.

Climatic changes --- Hurricanes --- Gross domestic product --- Mathematical models. --- Economic aspects --- Domestic product, Gross --- GDP --- Gross national product --- Cyclones --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Global environmental change --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental Economics --- Natural Disasters --- Environmental Conservation and Protection --- Energy --- Valuation of Environmental Effects --- Climate --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Global Warming --- Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty --- Economywide Country Studies: Latin America --- Caribbean --- Alternative Energy Sources --- Natural disasters --- Environmental management --- Environment --- Greenhouse gas emissions --- Renewable energy --- Greenhouse gases --- Renewable energy sources --- Antigua and Barbuda