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Lifelong impact : why the United States needs a national birth cohort study
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ISBN: 0309444381 Year: 2016 Publisher: Washington, District of Columbia : The National Academies Press,

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Cohort analysis.


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Approche phénotypique et génotypique d'une cohorte de patients atteints de glycosurie rénale familiale
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Bruxelles: UCL. Faculté de médecine et de médecine dentaire,

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Familial renal glycosuria is defined by the occurrence of glucose in urine, while the plasma glucose concentration is normal. lt is a renal tubular disorder, characterized by the presence of a persistent isolated glycosuria, in the absence of both generalized proximal tubular dysfunction and hyperglycemia.Familial renal glycosuria is caused by a mutation of the SLCSA2 gene, which codes for the sodium/glucose cotransporter SGLT2. This disease has an incidence of 1/20.000, and seems to be inherited as a codominant trait with incomplete penetrance.We conducted a retrospective study, describing the phenotype and the genotype of 10 patients affected by familial renal glycosuria, followed in the Nephrology/lnherited Kidney Diseases Clinic, at the Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc. Within these 10 patients, there are 2 different families, which totalize 5 subjects. One family is composed by 3 members, the other one by 2 members. The other 5 patients are not family-related.This project involved a systematic review of the scientific literature about the genetic, physiopathology and clinical aspects of Familial renal glycosuria. Moreover, my visit of the « Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique » in Gosselies, contributed to a better understanding of the inheritance way of the disease, and the technics used for the genetic analyses.ln the Saint-Luc cohort, one case of polyuria, and one of urinary tracts infections have been reported, which represent benign manifestations. However, one case of acidoketosis during pregnancy has been found and should not be understated. Furthermore, a potential manifestation of renal lithiasis, not described in the previous publications, has been observed in 2 patients.The genotype was available for 8 patients of 10. An important parameter has been missing to be able to establish the correlation between the phenotype and the genotype of the patients, which is the 24 hours-glycosuria. The inheritance way within our families could not be described with certainty, because the genotype of the non-affected family members was unknown.Even if Familial renal glycosuria is considered more as a phenotype than a disease, some severe manifestations have been reported.lt is the reason why a systematic follow-up seems necessary, with the aim of detecting and watching over patients who are at a high risk of developing severe clinical manifestations. La glycosurie rénale familiale fait référence à l'apparition facilement détectable de glucose dans l'urine, alors que la glycémie plasmatique est normale. Il s'agit donc d'un désordre tubulaire rénal, caractérisé par la présence d'une glycosurie isolée persistante, en l'absence de toute hyperglycémie et de tout autre signe de dysfonction tubulaire générale. La glycosurie rénale familiale est due à une mutation du gène SLCSA2, qui code pour le cotransporteur sodium/glucose SGLT2. Elle survient avec une incidence de 1/20.000, et semble être transmise sur le mode de codominance incomplète.Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective, décrivant le phénotype et le génotype de 10 patients atteints de glycosurie rénale familiale, suivis en consultation de Néphrologie/Maladies Rénales Génétiques aux Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc. Au sein de ces 10 patients, nous comptabilisons 2 familles différentes, lesquelles totalisent 5 personnes. Une famille est composée de 3 membres, l'autre de 2 membres. Les 5 autres patients sont non apparentés. Une prise de connaissance, en s'appuyant sur la lecture de plusieurs publications scientifiques, de la physiopathologie de la glycosurie rénale familiale a été indispensable pour cerner au mieux cette anomalie. La visite de l'Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique de Gosselies a également contribué à une meilleure compréhension du mode de transmission de la mutation, et des techniques utilisées lors des analyses génétiques.Le phénotype généralement bénin de cette anomalie a été décrit; un cas de polyurie et un d'infections urinaires basses ont été recensés, et sont des manifestations sans gravité. Néanmoins, un cas d'acidose métabolique pendant la grossesse a été relevé et ne doit pas être banalisé. De plus, une potentielle manifestation de lithiases rénales, jusqu'alors non décrite dans la littérature scientifique, a été observée chez 2 patients.Si nous avons pu décrire un phénotype, ainsi qu'obtenir un génotype pour huit patients sur dix, une donnée cruciale, la glycosurie sur 24h, nous a manqué pour pouvoir établir une corrélation entre le génotype et le phénotype des patients. De même, il n'a pas été possible de décrire avec certitude le mode de transmission génétique de l'anomalie au sein des familles incluses dans l'étude, car le génotype des parents sains était inconnu.S'il est vrai que la glycosurie rénale familiale est peu voire pas symptomatique, des manifestations sévères sont à envisager. C'est pourquoi une prise en charge systématique des patients atteints semble nécessaire, dans le but de dépister les individus à risque de développer des complications majeures, et de leur assurer de cette façon, un suivi adéquat.


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Prevalence and epidemiology of combat blast injuries from the military cohort 2001-2014
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Year: 2016 Publisher: Washington : Department of Veterans Affairs (US),

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Constitution d'un registre de l'insuffisance intestinale pédiatrique : étude préliminaire
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Year: 2016 Publisher: Bruxelles: UCL. Faculté de médecine et de médecine dentaire,

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Intestinal failure (IF) is a rare condition (1/100 000 births) which is defined as the loss of a part or the total bowel function and does not allow to ensure anymore the nutritional requirements for the survival and the growth of the patient. There are various causes: extensive removal of the bowel leading to a short bowel syndrome, congenital disorders: of the intestinal motility (neurogenic or myogenic) or the intestinal mucosa. The treatment of this pathology is quite complex (long-term parenteral nutrition at home, enteral nutrition, autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction, intestinal transplantation) and requires a multidisciplinary work conducted by means of a specific and specialized team. ln regard of the disease complexity and its management, a computerized register was created to identify all cases of pediatric intestinal transplantations and intestinal failure to improve and standardize their management and to develop the scientific research. The goal of this work deals with the context above by creating a register to list the patients, to define the IF etiology, the therapeutic approach and the follow-up of the disease. This work is a preliminary study related to the patient's data in one multidisciplinary center. The data were retrospectively collected from medical information of 23 IF patients in the Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc between 1999 and 2015.The results highlight 17 patients with short bowel syndrome, 5 with motility disorders and 1 with enteropathy. The register counts a parenteral nutrition duration of 30 506 days for all patients with an average of 1326 days / patient (min. and max. values equal to 38 and 5179 ys respectively). Taking in account the totality of patients, we count that 19 were weaned the parenteral nutrition and 6 of them received an autologous gastrointestinal construction. The complications of the parenteral nutrition are evaluated at 1.5 / 1000 1eter days and are classified in terms of frequency order: catheter infections, thromboses, cholestasis, transplantations and catheters occlusions, moving and cracking. In the future, the register may be used by others Belgian or foreign centers managing pediatric IF. L'insuffisance intestinale (Il) est une pathologie rare (1/100 000 naissances) qui consiste en la perte d'une grande partie ou de la totalité de la fonction intestinale ne permettant pas à l'individu d'assurer ses besoins nutritionnels pour sa survie et sa croissance. Les causes en sont multiples : résections extensives de l'intestin menant à une situation de grêle court, troubles congénitaux de la motricité intestinale (neurogènes ou myogènes) ou anomalies congénitales de la muqueuse intestinale. Le traitement de cette situation est extrêmement complexe (nutrition parentérale au long cours à domicile, nutrition entérale adaptée, chirurgie reconstructrice du grêle autologue, transplantation intestinale, ...) et nécessite d'un travail intégré multidisciplinaire par une équipe spécifique et spécialisée. Compte tenu de la complexité de la maladie et de sa prise en charge, un registre informatisé a été créé dans le but de recenser tous les cas d'insuffisance intestinale pédiatriques et de transplantations intestinales afin d'améliorer et d'uniformiser leur prise en charge et de développer la recherche scientifique. L'objet de ce mémoire s'inscrit dans cette optique en créant un registre qui permet de lister les patients, de définir l'étiologie de 1'11 ainsi que l'approche thérapeutique et le suivi de la maladie. Ce travail est une étude préliminaire, portant sur les données des patients d'un seul centre multidisciplinaire. Les données ont été recueillies de manière rétrospective à partir des dossiers médicaux de 23 patients, suivis aux Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc entre 1999 et 2015, présentant une insuffisance rénale. Les résultats mettent en évidence 17 patients en situation de grêle court, 5 patients atteints de troubles de la motilité et 1 patient atteint d'entéropathie. Le registre comptabilise une durée de parentérale de 30 506 jours pour tous les patients avec une moyenne de 1326 jours/patient et des extrêmes compris entre 38 et 5179 jours. Parmi tous les patients, 19 sont sevré de la NP et 6 d'entre eux ont bénéficié d'une chirurgie d'allongement digestif. Les complications de la NP sont évaluées à 1.5/1000 jours de cathéter et sont par ordre de fréquence les infections de cathéter, les thromboses, cholestases transitoires, les greffes, les occlusions de cathéters, les déplacements et les fissurations. Le registre pourra être utilisé par d'autres centres belges ou étrangers prenant en charge l’insuffisance rénale pédiatrique.


Book
Declining Wages for College-Educated Workers in Mexico : Are Younger or Older Cohorts Hurt the Most?
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Wage inequality has declined in Mexico since 2000. Using data from Mexican labor surveys for the period between 2000 and 2014, this paper investigates whether the decline was driven by wages declining more sharply for younger or older workers. The analysis finds that the wages of older workers declined and the decline was more pronounced in the older cohort. This would seem to support the hypothesis that older workers' skills have become obsolete.


Book
Declining Wages for College-Educated Workers in Mexico : Are Younger or Older Cohorts Hurt the Most?
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Wage inequality has declined in Mexico since 2000. Using data from Mexican labor surveys for the period between 2000 and 2014, this paper investigates whether the decline was driven by wages declining more sharply for younger or older workers. The analysis finds that the wages of older workers declined and the decline was more pronounced in the older cohort. This would seem to support the hypothesis that older workers' skills have become obsolete.


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Greying the Budget : Ageing and Preferences over Public Policies
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Year: 2016 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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This paper looks at how individual preferences for the allocation of government spending change along the life cycle. Using the Life in Transition Survey II for 34 countries in Europe and Central Asia, the study finds that older individuals are less likely to support a rise in government outlays on education and more likely to support increases in spending on pensions. These results are very similar across countries, and they do not change when using alternative model specifications, estimation methods, and data sources. Using repeated cross-sections, the analysis controls for cohort effects and confirms the main results. The findings are consistent with a body of literature arguing that conflict across generations over the allocation of public expenditures may intensify in ageing economies.


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Greying the Budget : Ageing and Preferences over Public Policies
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Year: 2016 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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This paper looks at how individual preferences for the allocation of government spending change along the life cycle. Using the Life in Transition Survey II for 34 countries in Europe and Central Asia, the study finds that older individuals are less likely to support a rise in government outlays on education and more likely to support increases in spending on pensions. These results are very similar across countries, and they do not change when using alternative model specifications, estimation methods, and data sources. Using repeated cross-sections, the analysis controls for cohort effects and confirms the main results. The findings are consistent with a body of literature arguing that conflict across generations over the allocation of public expenditures may intensify in ageing economies.


Book
Everyone Dies Young
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ISBN: 9780231541596 9780231175890 Year: 2016 Publisher: New York, NY

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"We are awash in time, savoring a few moments of it; we project ourselves into it, reinvent it, play with it; we take our time or let it slip away: it is the raw material of our imagination. Age, on the other hand, is the detailed account of the days that pass, the one-way view of the years whose total sum when set forth can stupefy us. Age wedges each of us between a date of birth that, at least in the West, we know for certain and an expiration date that, as a general rule, we would like to defer. Time is a freedom, age a constraint."Marc Augé remembers his beloved childhood cat, who seemed to grow wise with age, though her essential nature remained unchanged. He considers our belief that objects mature, when it is our perception of them that evolves over time. He wonders why public demonstrations of affection between the elderly make the young so uncomfortable and why we torture ourselves with regret at what might have been. Time can be liberating, he finds; it is a resource we can squander or relish. Yet age is a burden, bound by our personal and cultural neuroses. With an ethnologist's understanding of construct and practice, Augé isolates age from the development of consciousness, desire, and representations of the self. In bold, eye-opening strokes, he casts age as a physical marker and treats one's youthful approach to the world as the true measure of life's value.


Book
Ways of being Roman : discourses of identity in the Roman West
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ISBN: 1785701886 1785701908 9781785701894 1785701894 9781785701900 1842172921 9781842172926 9781785701887 Year: 2016 Publisher: Oxford ; Philadelphia : Oxbow Books,

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"This book examines the question of identity in the Roman provinces of the western empire. It takes an innovative approach in looking at the wider discourses or ideologies through which an individual sense of self was learnt and expressed. This wide-ranging survey considers ethnic identity, status, gender, and age. Rather than constructing a paradigm of the 'ideal' of any specific aspect of personal identity, it looks at some of the wider cultural ideas which were drawn upon in differentiating groups of people and the variability within this. It focuses on the daily and mundane practices of everyday life through which identities were internalised and communicated"--Provided by publisher.

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