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The goal of this research topic was to gather current knowledge on the interaction of bacterial exotoxins and effector proteins with the host immune system. The following 16 research and review articles in this special issue describe mechanisms of immune modification and evasion and provide an overview over the complexity of bacterial toxin interaction with different cells of the immune system.

Adaptive Immunity --- Super antigen --- Immune Evasion --- Quorum Sensing --- Bacterial Toxins --- innate immune response --- infectious diseases --- Bacterial effector protein

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"The Innate Immune Response to Noninfectious Stressors: Human and Animal Models highlights fundamental mechanisms of stress response and important findings on how the immune system is affected, and in turn affects such a response. In addition, this book covers the crucial link between stress response and energy metabolism, prompts a re-appraisal of some crucial issues, and helps to define research priorities in this fascinating, somehow elusive field of investigation."--

Natural immunity --- Immune response. --- Immunity, Innate. --- Bacterial Infections --- Homeostasis --- Effect of stress on. --- immunology. --- Innate Immune Response --- Innate Immunity --- Immunity, Native --- Immunity, Natural --- Immunity, Non-Specific --- Resistance, Natural --- Immune Response, Innate --- Immune Responses, Innate --- Immunity, Non Specific --- Innate Immune Responses --- Native Immunity --- Natural Immunity --- Natural Resistance --- Non-Specific Immunity --- Inflammation --- Receptors, Pattern Recognition --- Adaptive Immunity --- Inflammasomes --- Immunology --- Stress (Physiology)