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"From the founding of Islam in the seventh century, there had always been a dominant Muslim empire, or "caliphate." But in 1924, the Ottoman Caliphate was formally abolished. Since then, there has been an ongoing struggle to establish a legitimate political order in the Middle East. At the center of that struggle is the vexing problem of religion and its role in political life. In Islamic Exceptionalism, Brookings Institution scholar and acclaimed author Shadi Hamid offers a novel and provocative argument on how Islam is, in fact, "exceptional" in how it relates to politics, with profound implications for how we understand the future of the Middle East. With unprecedented access to Islamist activists and leaders across the region, Hamid argues for a new understanding of how Islam and Islamism shape politics - and how the practice of politics shapes Islam. Despite the hopes of the Arab Spring, ideological and religious polarization has actually worsened. Divides among citizens aren't just about power but are products of fundamental disagreements over the very nature and purpose of the modern nation state. Drawing on hundreds of hours of interviews across the region, Hamid examines different models of reckoning with the problem of religion and state, including the terrifying - and alarmingly successful - example of ISIS. Offering a panoramic and ambitious interpretation of the region's descent into violence, Islamic Exceptionalism is a vital contribution to our understanding of Islam's past and present, and its outsized, exceptional role in modern politics. We don't have to like it; but we have to understand it, because it will continue to be a force that shapes not just the region, but the West as well, in the coming decades"--

Islam and politics --- Middle East --- Arab countries --- Politics and government --- Middle East - Politics and government - 20th century --- Middle East - Politics and government - 21st century --- Arab countries - Politics and government - 20th century --- Arab countries - Politics and government - 21st century

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"Just a few short years ago, the "Turkish Model" was being hailed across the world. The New York Times gushed that prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Justice and Development Party (AKP) had "effectively integrated Islam, democracy, and vibrant economics," making Turkey, according to the International Crisis Group, "the envy of the Arab world." And yet, a more recent CNN headline wondered if Erdogan had become a "dictator." In this incisive analysis, Cihan Tuğal argues that the problem with this model of Islamic liberalism is much broader and deeper than Erdogan's increasing authoritarianism. The problems are inherent in the very model of Islamic liberalism that formed the basis of the AKP's ascendancy and rule since 2002--an intended marriage of neoliberalism and democracy. And this model can also only be understood as a response to regional politics--especially as a response to the "Iranian Model"--A marriage of corporatism and Islamic revolution. The Turkish model was a failure in its home country, and the dynamics of the Arab world made it a tough commodity to export. Tugal's masterful explication of the demise of Islamic liberalism brings in Egypt and Tunisia, once seen as the most likely followers of the Turkish model, and provides a path-breaking examination of their regimes and Islamist movements, as well as paradigm-shifting accounts of Turkey and Iran"--

Liberalism --- Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Religious aspects --- Islam --- Turkey --- Arab countries --- Politics and government --- Political systems --- Community organization --- Liberalism - Religious aspects - Islam --- -Turkey - Politics and government - 21st century --- Arab countries - Politics and government - 21st century --- -Turkey

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Where Did the Revolution Go? considers the apparent disappearance of the large social movements that have contributed to democratization. Revived by recent events of the Arab Spring, this question is once again paramount. Is the disappearance real, given the focus of mass media and scholarship on electoral processes and 'normal politics'? Does it always happen, or only under certain circumstances? Are those who struggled for change destined to be disappointed by the slow pace of transformation? Which mechanisms are activated and deactivated during the rise and fall of democratization? This volume addresses these questions through empirical analysis based on quantitative and qualitative methods (including oral history) of cases in two waves of democratization: Central Eastern European cases in 1989 as well as cases in the Middle East and Mediterranean region in 2011.

Democratization --- Social movements --- Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Arab Awakening, 2010 --- -Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Movements, Social --- Social history --- Social psychology --- Political aspects --- Europe, Eastern --- Arab countries --- Arab world --- Arabic countries --- Arabic-speaking states --- Islamic countries --- Middle East --- Politics and government --- -Political aspects --- Democratization - Europe, Eastern --- Social movements - Political aspects - Europe, Eastern --- Democratization - Arab countries --- -Europe, Eastern - Politics and government - 1989 --- -Arab countries - Politics and government - 21st century --- -Europe, Eastern

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Civil resistance, especially in the form of massive peaceful demonstrations, was at the heart of the Arab Spring-the chain of events in the Middle East and North Africa that erupted in December 2010. It won some notable victories: popular movements helped to bring about the fall of authoritarian governments in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen. Yet these apparent triumphs of non-violent action were followed by disasters-wars in Syria, anarchy in Libya and Yemen, reversion to authoritarian rule in Egypt, and counter-revolution backed by external intervention in Bahrain. Looming over these events was the enduring divide between the Sunni and Shi'a branches of Islam. Why did so much go wrong? Was the problem the methods, leadership and aims of the popular movements, or the conditions of their societies? In this book, experts on these countries, and on the techniques of civil resistance, set the events in their historical, social and political contexts. They describe how governments and outside powers-including the US and EU-responded, how Arab monarchies in Jordan and Morocco undertook to introduce reforms to avert revolution, and why the Arab Spring failed to spark a Palestinian one.

PALESTINE -- 323.27 --- SYRIA -- 323.27 --- Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Civil disobedience --- Civil disobedience --- Government, Resistance to --- Revolutions --- #SBIB:328H511 --- #SBIB:328H512 --- #SBIB:324H73 --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- History --- Political science --- Political violence --- War --- Civil resistance --- Non-resistance to government --- Resistance to government --- Insurgency --- Nonviolence --- Disobedience, Civil --- Arab Awakening, 2010 --- -History --- Instellingen en beleid: Islamitische, Arabisch sprekende landen --- Instellingen en beleid: Midden-Oosten / landen in het Midden-Oosten --- Politieke verandering: oppositie en minderheid, protest, politiek geweld --- Arab Spring (2010-) --- Arab countries --- Arab world --- Arabic countries --- Arabic-speaking states --- Islamic countries --- Middle East --- Politics and government --- Arabiska våren 2010 --- -Civil olydnad. --- -Civil disobedience - Middle East --- Civil disobedience - Africa, North --- Government, Resistance to - Middle East --- Government, Resistance to - Africa, North --- Revolutions - Arab countries - History - 21st century --- Arab countries - Politics and government - 21st century --- Political resistance