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In this book, the author deals mainly with two topics: (1) single-molecule visualization of switching behaviors in the DNA nanoframe system utilizing different kinds of molecular switches through the use of high-speed atomic force microscope (AFM); (2) construction of photocontrollable DNA nanostructures in programmed patterns and direct visualization of the dynamic assembling process. Here, high-speed AFM was employed to observe the dynamic movements of single molecules. Compared to a traditional single-molecule analysis method, such as fluorescence spectroscopy or electron microscopy, high-speed AFM makes possible the real-time observation of molecule behaviors. DNA nanostructures were designed and assembled as scaffolds to incorporate interested biomolecules. The observations were carried out under robust conditions without complicated pretreatment. Moreover, the photoresponsive molecules were successfully assembled into around 100 nm-sized DNA nanostructures. The assembly/disassembly of nanostructures can be regulated reversibly by photoirradiation. This book explains how DNA origami has gradually become a useful tool for the investigation of biochemical interactions in defined nanospace. It also shows the possibility of DNA nanostructures acting as nanodevices for application in biological systems, serving as a good introduction to basic DNA nanotechnology.
Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nanostructures. --- DNA. --- Deoxyribonucleic acid --- Desoxyribonucleic acid --- Thymonucleic acid --- TNA (Nucleic acid) --- Chemistry. --- Nanochemistry. --- Microscopy. --- Spectroscopy. --- Nanotechnology. --- Biological Microscopy. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Deoxyribose --- Nucleic acids --- Genes --- Nanoscience --- Physics --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Nanoscale chemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Analytical chemistry --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative
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The book is devoted to three types of laser-based spectroscopy of minerals, namely Laser-Induced Time-Resolved Luminescence, Laser-Induced Breakdown spectroscopy and Gated Raman Spectroscopy. This new edition presents the main new data, which have been received after the publication of the first edition ten years ago both by the authors and by other researchers. During this time, only the authors published more than 50 original papers devoted to laser-based spectroscopy of minerals. A lot of new data have been accumulated, both in fundamental and applied aspects, which are presented in new edition.
Mineralogy --- Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Luminescence spectroscopy. --- Minerals --- Spectra. --- Luminescence spectrometry --- Spectrometry, Luminescence --- Spectroscopy, Luminescence --- Earth sciences. --- Mineralogy. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Earth Sciences. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Mines and mineral resources --- Spectrum analysis --- Luminescent probes --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Dynamics --- Physics --- Light --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry
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This work details an application of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy for the separation of short-lived isomeric states and their subsequent study with decay spectroscopy. It reports the successful construction of a novel decay spectroscopy apparatus that can operate at pressures below 1 x 10^-9 mbar. The method is demonstrated by separating the nuclear ground and isomeric states of 204Fr and performing alpha-decay spectroscopy. An equivalent mass spectrometer would require 4.6 million times as much resolution to achieve the same result. This work unambiguously confirms the existence of a second isomeric state in 204Fr. The author also demonstrates the effectiveness of this method for laser spectroscopy and identification of hyperfine-structure components with energy tagging. This method was successfully used in 202Fr to identify ground and isomeric states. The measurement of 202Fr reported in this thesis demonstrates a factor of 100 improvement in sensitivity compared to state-of-the-art fluorescence techniques. The work reported in this thesis won the author the IOP Nuclear Physics Group Early Career Prize.
Physics. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Nuclear physics. --- Physique --- Physique nucléaire --- Heavy ions. --- Plasma spectroscopy. --- Spectrum analysis. --- Thorium -- Spectra. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Nuclear Physics --- Laser spectroscopy. --- Hadrons. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Spectrum analysis --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Ions --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry
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This thesis approaches impact resistance in dense suspensions from a new perspective. The most well-known example of dense suspensions, a mixture of cornstarch and water, provides enough impact resistance to allow a person to run across its surface. In the past, this phenomenon had been linked to "shear thickening" under a steady shear state attributed to hydrodynamic interactions or granular dilation. However, neither explanation accounted for the stress scales required for a person to run on the surface. Through this research, it was discovered that the impact resistance is due to local compression of the particle matrix. This compression forces the suspension across the jamming transition and precipitates a rapidly growing solid mass. This growing solid, as a result, absorbs the impact energy. This is the first observation of such jamming front, linking nonlinear suspension dynamics in a new way to the jamming phase transition known from dry granular materials.
Physics. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Physique --- Amorphous substances. --- Condensed matter. --- Plasma spectroscopy. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Solidification. --- Cornstarch. --- Corn-starch --- Fluids. --- Complex fluids. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Corn products --- Starch --- Crystallization --- Heat --- Melting points --- Solutions, Solid --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Hydraulics --- Mechanics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry
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This collection of papers describes the instrument and initial results obtained from the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS), one of the post-focus instruments of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory. The FISS primarily aims at investigating structures and dynamics of chromospheric features. This instrument is a dual-band Echelle spectrograph optimized for the simultaneous recording of the H I 656.3 nm band and the Ca II 854.2 nm band. The imaging is done with the fast raster scan realized by the linear motion of a two-mirror scanner, and its quality is determined by the performance of the adaptive optics of the telescope. These papers illustrate the capability of the early FISS observations in the study of chromospheric features. Since the imaging quality has been improved a lot with the advance of the adaptive optics, one can obtain much better data with the current FISS observations. This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers working in the field of solar physics and space sciences. Originally published in Solar Physics, Vol. 288, Issue 1, 2013, and Vol. 289, Issue 11, 2014.
Physics. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Astrophysics. --- Physique --- Astrophysique --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics --- Solar telescopes. --- Telescope, Solar --- Space sciences. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Telescopes --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Measurement . --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry
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This thesis describes longitudinal nuclear relaxation measurements of solid 129Xe near 77 K with previously unattainable reproducibility, and demonstrates differences in relaxation, dependent upon the way in which the solid is condensed. These results are directly applicable to the generation and storage of large quantities of hyperpolarized 129Xe for various applications, such as lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The thesis features a sophisticated theoretical approach to these data sets, including modifications to a well-established Raman-phonon scattering theory that may explain the larger scatter in and discrepancies with previous work.
Physics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Spectroscopy. --- Physique --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Light & Optics --- Nuclear magnetic resonance. --- Relaxation (Nuclear physics) --- Xenon. --- Nuclear spin. --- Spin, Nuclear --- Magnetic resonance, Nuclear --- NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) --- Nuclear spin resonance --- Resonance, Nuclear spin --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Microscopy. --- Angular momentum (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear physics --- Gases, Rare --- Quantum theory --- Relaxation phenomena --- Magnetic resonance --- Nuclear spin --- Nuclear quadrupole resonance --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry
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This thesis addresses the development of a new force spectroscopy tool, correlation force spectroscopy (CFS) for the measurement of the properties of very small volumes of material (molecular to µm3) at kHz-MHz frequency range. CFS measures the simultaneous thermal fluctuations of two closely-spaced atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers. CFS then calculates the cross-correlation in the thermal fluctuations that gives the mechanical properties of the matter that spans the gap of the two cantilevers. The book also discusses development of CFS, its advantages over AFM, and its application in single molecule force spectroscopy and micro-rheology.
Chemistry. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Spectroscopy. --- Chemical engineering. --- Chimie --- Génie chimique --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Analytical Chemistry --- Molecular spectroscopy. --- Spectroscopy, Molecular --- Atomic structure. --- Molecular structure. --- Spectra. --- Microscopy. --- Spectrum analysis --- Molecular spectra --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Qualitative --- Atomic structure . --- Molecular structure . --- Structure, Molecular --- Chemical structure --- Structural bioinformatics --- Structure, Atomic --- Atomic theory --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry
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This book covers novel research results for process and techniques of materials characterization for a wide range of materials. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the aspects of structural and chemical characterization of these materials. The articles contained in this book covers state of the art and experimental techniques commonly used in modern materials characterization. The book includes theoretical models and numerous illustrations of structural and chemical characterization properties.
Materials Science. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Surfaces (Physique) --- Materials. --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Tribology. --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Mechanical wear. --- Scuffing --- Wear, Mechanical --- Wearing properties --- Materials --- Surface phenomena --- Surfaces --- Materials science. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Qualitative --- Friction --- Strength of materials --- Tribology --- Hard materials --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Dynamic testing --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry
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The 2nd International Multidisciplinary Microscopy and Microanalysis Congress & Exhibition (InterM 2014) was held on 16–19 October 2014 in Oludeniz, Fethiye/ Mugla, Turkey. The aim of the congress was to gather scientists from various branches and discuss the latest improvements in the field of microscopy. The focus of the congress has been widened in an "interdisciplinary" manner, so as to allow all scientists working on several related subjects to participate and present their work. These proceedings include 33 peer-reviewed technical papers, submitted by leading academic and research institutions from over 17 countries and representing some of the most cutting-edge research available. The papers were presented at the congress in the following sessions: · Applications of Microscopy in the Physical Sciences · Applications of Microscopy in the Biological Sciences.
Physics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Biological Microscopy. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Biophysics and Biological Physics. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Physique --- Microscopie --- Surfaces (Physique) --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Light & Optics --- Microscopy --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Materials science. --- Optics --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry
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This book presents an Ultrafast Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (ULEED) system that reveals ultrafast structural changes on the atomic scale. The achievable temporal resolution in the low-energy regime is improved by several orders of magnitude and has enabled the the melting of a highly-sensitive, molecularly thin layer of a polymer crystal to be resolved for the first time.This new experimental approach permits time-resolved structural investigations of systems that were previously partially or totally inaccessible, including surfaces, interfaces and atomically thin films. It will be of fundamental importance for understanding the properties of nanomaterials so as to tailor their properties.
Physics. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Physique --- Surfaces (Physique) --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Materials --- Surfaces. --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Qualitative --- Low energy electron diffraction. --- LEED (Solids) --- Electrons --- Diffraction --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry
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