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Native American & Hyperborean Languages --- Languages & Literatures --- Indians of Mexico --- Indios de México --- Languages --- Phonology. --- Lenguas --- Fonología. --- Gramática. --- Indians of North America --- Indigenous peoples --- Meso-America --- Meso-American Indians --- Mesoamerica --- Mesoamerican Indians --- Pre-Columbian Indians --- Precolumbian Indians --- Ethnology

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Indians of Central America --- Indian pottery --- Antiquities. --- Themes, motives. --- Classification. --- Grande de Térraba River Delta (Costa Rica) --- Antiquities. --- Indians --- Pottery, Indian --- Pottery --- Indigenous peoples --- Meso-America --- Meso-American Indians --- Mesoamerica --- Mesoamerican Indians --- Pre-Columbian Indians --- Precolumbian Indians --- Ethnology --- biographie --- historien --- Mexique --- entretien

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Using field reports, data sets and "grey" literature on the many excavated sites, Houk provides a synthesis of archaeological data on the ancient cities of modern Belize for the Classical period and explores their urban planning and built environment. By examining the lowland cities, Houk's work offers balance to the literature on the entire Classic Maya polity.

City planning --- Mayas --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Indians of Central America --- Urbanisme --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Indiens d'Amérique --- History. --- Antiquities. --- Histoire --- Antiquités --- Indigenous peoples --- Meso-America --- Meso-American Indians --- Mesoamerica --- Mesoamerican Indians --- Pre-Columbian Indians --- Precolumbian Indians --- Ethnology --- Maya Indians --- Mayans --- Indians of Mexico --- Cities and towns --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Government policy --- Management

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A lot of what we know about “exotic languages” is owed to the linguistic activities of missionaries. They had the languages put into writing, described their grammar and lexicon, and worked towards a standardization, which often came with Eurocentric manipulation. Colonial missionary work as intellectual (religious) conquest formed part of the Europeans' political colonial rule, although it sometimes went against the specific objectives of the official administration. In most cases, it did not help to stop (or even reinforced) the displacement and discrimination of those languages, despite oftentimes providing their very first (sometimes remarkable, sometimes incorrect) descriptions. This volume presents exemplary studies on Catholic and Protestant missionary linguistics, in the framework of the respective colonial situation and policies under Spanish, German, or British rule. The contributions cover colonial contexts in Latin America, Africa, and Asia across the centuries. They demonstrate how missionaries dealing with linguistic analyses and descriptions cooperated with colonial institutions and how their linguistic knowledge contributed to European domination. Ein Großteil des Wissens über „exotische“ Sprachen verdanken wir den linguistischen Aktivitäten der Missionare. Ihr Beitrag belief sich v.a. auf die Verschriftlichung, die Beschreibung der Grammatik und Lexik sowie auf die Standardisierung, was in manchen Fällen mit einer eurozentristischen Manipulation der beschriebenen Sprachen einherging. Insgesamt war die koloniale Missionierung als geistige (religiöse) Eroberung Teil der politischen Kolonialherrschaft, auch wenn sie manchmal im Widerstreit zur Kolonialverwaltung stand. Die Verdrängung und Diskriminierung der Sprachen hat sie jedenfalls, trotz der meistens ersten, z.T. bewundernswerten, z.T. fehlerhaften Beschreibungen selten aufhalten können, bisweilen sogar daran mitgewirkt. Der Band bietet exemplarische Studien über katholische und protestantische Missionarslinguistik unter den Bedingungen der jeweils geltenden Kolonialpolitik unter spanischer, deutscher und britischer Verwaltung in Hispanoamerika, Afrika und Asien in verschiedenen Jahrhunderten. Sie zeigen, wie sprachbeschreibend tätige Missionare mit den Kolonialverwaltungen kooperierten und mit ihrem Wissen zur Herrschaft beitrugen.

Colonialism -- Congresses. --- Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- History -- Congresses. --- Missions -- Linguistic work -- Congresses. --- Language and languages --- Lexicography --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Missions --- Indians --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Study and teaching --- History --- Syntax --- Linguistic work --- Languages --- Aborigines, American --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- Amerindians --- Amerinds --- Pre-Columbian Indians --- Precolumbian Indians --- Ethnology --- Christian missions --- Christianity --- Missions, Foreign --- Religion --- Theology, Practical --- Proselytizing --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Encyclopedias and dictionaries --- Foreign languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Civilization --- Grammar, Comparative --- Indigenous peoples --- Communication, International. --- Colonies --- Linguistic work. --- History. --- International communication --- World communication --- Linguistic work of missions --- Language in missionary work --- Colonial Linguistics. --- Historical Grammar. --- Missionary Linguistics.

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Indians of Mexico --- Missions. --- Missions --- History. --- Jesuits --- Jesuits. --- Mexico. --- Christian missions --- Christianity --- Missions, Foreign --- Religion --- Theology, Practical --- Proselytizing --- Indians of North America --- Indigenous peoples --- Meso-America --- Meso-American Indians --- Mesoamerica --- Mesoamerican Indians --- Pre-Columbian Indians --- Precolumbian Indians --- Ethnology --- Cizvit Cemiyeti --- Compagnia di Ges --- Compagnia di Gies --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Companhia de Jesus --- Compañía de Jesús --- Dòng Chúa Giêsu --- Dòng TênDòng Chúa Giêsu --- Družba Isusova --- Gesellschaft Jesu --- Gesuiti --- Iezusukai --- Isusovci --- Jesuit Order --- Jesuítas --- Jesuiten --- Jesuitenorden --- Jésuites --- Jesus Society --- Jezovit --- Jezsuiták --- Jezuici --- Jezuit --- Jézus Társaság --- Ordre des jésuites --- Padri Gesuiti --- S.I. (Societas Iesu) --- S.J. (Societas Jesu) --- Serikat Jesus --- SJ --- Societas Iesu --- Societas Jesu --- Société des jésuites --- Society of Jesus --- Tovaryšstvo Ježišovo --- Towarzystwo Jezusowe --- Yesu hui --- Yezuiti --- Compagnie de Jésus --- Compañia de Jesus --- Jesuitas --- Jesuiti --- Jezuïten --- Jésuites --- Paters Jezuïten --- Societeit van Jezus --- イエズス会 --- カトリック イエズス会 --- Anáhuac --- Estados Unidos Mexicanos --- Maxico --- Méjico --- Mekishiko --- Meḳsiḳe --- Meksiko --- Meksyk --- Messico --- Mexique --- República Mexicana --- Stany Zjednoczone Meksyku --- United Mexican States --- United States of Mexico --- Misiones --- Historia.