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A comprehensive thematic analysis of capital flight from Africa, it covers the role of safe havens, offshore financial centres, and banking secrecy in facilitating illicit financial flows and provides rich insights to policy makers interested in designing strategies to address the problems of capital flight and illicit financial flows.
Capital movements --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Investment & Speculation --- outflow of capital --- monetary policy --- economic development --- organised crime --- Africa --- Economic policy. --- outflow of capital. --- monetary policy. --- economic development. --- organised crime. --- Africa.
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The global financial crisis and its aftermath saw boom-bust cycles in cross-border capital flows of astounding magnitude. Issues of capital account liberalization and the imposition of capital controls are back in the headlines, and on researchers' agendas. This comprehensive and timely research review covers many of the themes central to the issue of capital account liberalization, and provides a balanced assessment of the role that capital controls might play in the effective management of capital flows to reap their benefits.
Capital movements. --- Monetary policy. --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- International finance --- Capital movements --- Capital market
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This edited collection provides the most comprehensive thematic analysis of capital flight from Africa, covering economic and institutional aspects, as well as domestic and global dimensions. It is organized in three parts. The first part discusses the importance of capital flight in the context of the development policy discourse at national and international level. This part takes stock of the existing evidence on the nature, causes, and consequences of capital flight. It provides the most recent data on the magnitude of capital flight from 39 African countries, and a detailed analysis of the impact of capital flight on economic development in general and on poverty reduction in particular. The second part examines economic factors and impacts of capital flight. It presents analysis of capital flight in a flow of funds context, the impact of capital flight on macroeconomic outcomes with a focus on growth, and the linkages between capital flight and monetary policy, financial liberalization, and the global financial system. The third part explores the domestic and international institutional environment and its relevance for capital flight and stolen asset recovery. It discusses the role of governance, tax evasion, and secrecy jurisdictions in driving capital flight. The last part of the book offers suggestions for strategies to address the problem of capital flight from African countries.
Capital movements --- #SBIB:327.4H61 --- #SBIB:33H15 --- #SBIB:328H41 --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- International finance --- Derde wereld: economische ontwikkeling --- Economie: geld en krediet --- Instellingen en beleid: Afrika: comparatief / diverse landen --- Africa --- Economic policy.
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This paper examines the distributional impact of capital account liberalization. Using panel data for 149 countries from 1970 to 2010, we find that, on average, capital account liberalization reforms increase inequality and reduce the labor share of income in the short and medium term. We also find that the level of financial development and the occurrence of crises play a key role in shaping the response of inequality to capital account liberalization reforms.
Capital movements --- Equality --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- International finance --- Econometric models. --- Government policy. --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- International economics --- Capital account liberalization --- Income inequality --- Capital account --- Personal income --- Income distribution --- National accounts --- Income --- Luxembourg
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This paper explores the effect of U.S. unconventional monetary policy (QE2) on a group of frontier developing economies (FDEs) in Asia. This paper finds that spillovers emanating from the U.S. on FDEs in Asia have been small. The relative insulation of emerging Asia from the global financial cycle can likely be attributed to the presence of managed capital accounts coupled with shallow financial markets. Should U.S. monetary policy begin to normalize the direct first-round impact on developing Asia is likely to be small.
Monetary policy --- Capital movements --- Liquidity (Economics) --- Assets, Frozen --- Frozen assets --- Finance --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- International finance --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Econometric models. --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Monetary Policy --- Fiscal Policy --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Unconventional monetary policies --- Short term interest rates --- Yield curve --- Current account balance --- Financial services --- Interest rates --- United States
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Given the prospects of asynchronous monetary conditions in the United States and the euro area, this paper analyzes spillovers among these two economies, as well as the implications of asynchronicity for spillovers to other advanced economies and emerging markets. Through a structural vector autoregression analysis, country-specific shocks to economic activity and monetary conditions since the early 1990s are identified, and are used to draw implications about spillovers. The empirical findings suggest that real and monetary conditions in the United States and the euro area have oftentimes been asynchronous. The results also point to significant spillovers among them, in particular since early 2014—with spillovers from the euro area to the United States being particularly large. Against the backdrop of asynchronous conditions in these two economies, spillovers from real and money shocks to emerging markets and non-systemic advanced economies could be dampened.
Capital movements --- Monetary policy --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- International finance --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Investments: Bonds --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Forecasting and Other Model Applications --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Monetary Policy --- Studies of Particular Policy Episodes --- International Policy Coordination and Transmission --- Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation --- Externalities --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Currency --- Investment & securities --- Monetary economics --- Finance --- Spillovers --- Exchange rates --- Bond yields --- Unconventional monetary policies --- Yield curve --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Financial institutions --- Financial services --- Bonds --- Interest rates --- United States
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This paper analyzes the transmission of global liquidity to the ASEAN-5 countries (ASEAN-5), including the impact on financial landscapes and risks to financial stability. It finds that global liquidity transmission and changing financial landscapes have contributed to increases in risks to financial stability in ASEAN-5. Therefore, policymakers in ASEAN-5 should prepare for possible liquidity tightening, strengthen regulation of nonbanks, and establish a comprehensive financial stability framework. A number of couontries are well-advanced in this process.
International liquidity. --- Capital movements --- Financial institutions --- Financial risk management --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- International finance --- Liquidity (Economics) --- Risk management --- State supervision --- Finance: General --- Investments: General --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- International liquidity --- Financial sector stability --- Financial sector risk --- Securities --- Liquidity --- Asset and liability management --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Financial services industry --- Financial instruments --- Economics --- United States
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In this paper we first compare house price cycles in advanced and emerging economies using a new quarterly house price data set covering the period 1990-2012. We find that house prices in emerging economies grow faster, are more volatile, less persistent and less synchronized across countries than in advanced economies. We also find that they correlate with capital flows more closely than in advanced economies. We then condition the analysis on an exogenous change to a particular component of capital flows. We find that a global liquidity shock, identified by aggregating bank-to-bank cross border flows and by using the external instrumental variable approach of Stock and Watson (2012) and Mertens and Ravn (2013), has a much stronger impact on house prices and consumption in emerging markets than in advanced economies. In our empirical model, holding house prices or the exchange rate constant in response to this shock tends to dampen its effects on consumption in emerging economies.
Housing --- Business cycles. --- Capital movements. --- International liquidity. --- Balance of payments --- International finance --- Liquidity (Economics) --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Foreign exchange --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Cycles --- Affordable housing --- Homes --- Houses --- Housing needs --- Residences --- Slum clearance --- Urban housing --- City planning --- Dwellings --- Human settlements --- Prices --- Social aspects --- Developed countries --- Advanced countries --- Advanced nations --- Developed nations --- Economically advanced countries --- Economically advanced nations --- First World --- Industrial countries --- Industrial nations --- Industrial societies --- Industrialized countries --- Industrialized nations --- Western countries --- Prices. --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Real Estate --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Property & real estate --- Finance --- Currency --- Housing prices --- International liquidity --- Consumption --- Exchange rates --- Asset and liability management --- National accounts --- Economics --- United States
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This Selected Issues paper examines several real sector issues, including estimates of potential output, the effect of Intel’s withdrawal on gross domestic product (GDP), labor market and inequality and electricity prices in Costa Rica. The production function approach shows that the main drivers of fluctuations in GDP growth are total factor productivity (TFP) and labor supply. These results on TFP, however, should be interpreted with caution. The TFP measure is a residual—the difference between output growth and the growth in the quantity (and quality) of inputs. Estimates suggest that potential GDP growth is about 4.3 percent, the output gap is broadly closed, and Intel’s withdrawal will lower real GDP growth in about 1/2 percentage point. Significant wage premia are identified across public versus private sectors and some evidence of intergenerational inequality is also presented. Electricity tariffs are found to be regionally competitive albeit with inefficiencies in their determination.
Banks and banking, Central -- Costa Rica. --- Financial services industry -- Costa Rica. --- International monetary fund -- Costa Rica. --- Monetary policy -- Costa Rica. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Financial services industry --- Banks and banking, Central --- Monetary policy --- Foreign exchange rates --- Capital movements --- Economic development --- Labor market --- Electric power --- International Monetary Fund --- Electric power supply --- Power supply, Electric --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Services, Financial --- Monetary management --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Supply and demand --- Rates --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Power resources --- Markets --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Balance of payments --- International finance --- Service industries --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Banks and banking --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Fiscal Policy --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Financial Markets --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Currency --- Banking --- Financial services law & regulation --- Public finance & taxation --- Fiscal consolidation --- Basel III --- Currency markets --- Financial markets --- Fiscal policy --- Exchange rate flexibility --- State supervision --- Foreign exchange market --- Production --- Economic theory --- Costa Rica
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