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When making a decision about housing, a household must choose between renting and owning. Multiple factors, such as a household's financial status and expectations about the future, will influence the decision. Few that decide to purchase a home have the necessary savings or available financial resources to make the purchase on their own. Most need to take out a loan. A loan that uses real estate as collateral is typically referred to as a mortgage. This book serves as a primer that explains how the system of housing finance works. This book also examines various mechanisms that policy-makers

Housing --- Mortgages. --- Secondary mortgage market. --- Finance.

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Mortgages --- Mortgage loans --- National Survey of Mortgage Borrowers (U.S.)

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Settlement costs --- Mortgage loans --- Mortgages --- Consumer education --- Data processing. --- Technological innovations

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This Selected Issues paper assesses Canada’s post-crisis export performance of non-energy products using model-based benchmarks. Specifically, the analysis explores whether the pre-crisis relationship between Canada’s non-energy exports and their determinants still holds in the post-crisis period. At the aggregate level, Canada’s non-energy exports do not seem to have performed particularly poorly relative to the benchmark. Of the 23 non-energy products, five products outperformed their respective benchmarks both in growth and level terms, while seven products underperformed by the same measures. The statistical tests show that a total of 13 products had a structural break during the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. At the aggregate level, the time paths of non-energy exports’ elasticities confirm the increasing importance of US business investment. The findings at the product level reinforce those at the aggregate level, but also reveal some interesting differences between across products. A decomposition of Canada’s non-energy export growth based on the post-crisis elasticities confirms the significant contributions from US consumption and non-US demand.

Banks and banking -- Canada. --- Canada -- Economic conditions -- Regional disparities. --- Credit -- Canada. --- Financial crises -- Canada. --- Housing -- Canada. --- Mortgages -- Canada. --- Canada

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This paper presents case studies of macroprudential policy in five jurisdictions (Hong Kong SAR, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, and Sweden). The case studies describe the institutional framework, its evolution, the use of macroprudential tools, and the circumstances under which the tools have been used. The paper shows how macroprudential policy is conducted under a heterogeneous set of institutional frameworks. In all cases macroprudential tools have been used to address risks in the housing market. In addition, some of them have moved to enhance the resilience of their banks to more general cyclical and structural risks.

Financial crises -- Government policy -- Case studies. --- Financial crises -- Prevention -- Case studies. --- Financial risk management -- Case studies. --- Mortgages -- Case studies. --- Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Real Estate --- Industries: Financial Services --- Infrastructure --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Finance --- Property & real estate --- Banking --- Housing prices --- Loans --- Macroprudential policy --- Financial institutions --- Prices --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- National accounts --- Economic policy --- Banks and banking --- Saving and investment --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China