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Herpesviridae --- Herpesviridae --- growth and development. --- immunology.

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The new millennium has seen a major paradigm shift in insect endocrinology. Great advancements are being made which establish that nutrition and growth play a central role in diverse cellular and physiological phenomena during insect development and reproduction. Nutrition affects rates of growth and is mainly regulated by the function of the pathway of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling. This pathway is highly conserved across species and ultimately regulates rates of cell growth and proliferation in growing organs. Insulin and insulin-like peptides (ILPs) are some of the best studied hormones in the animal kingdom and all share a common structural motif and initiate a wide range of closely similar physiological processes in higher organisms. In insects, nutrition, via circulating sugar, promotes release of ILPs from brain neurosecretory cells into the haemolymph, which act on peripheral tissues and stimulate protein synthesis and cell growth. Therefore, insect ILPs are common mediators between nutrition and growth in insects and are functionally analogous to mammalian insulin. The 1980s and 1990s witnessed great progress in elucidation of the physiological and molecular mechanism of action of numerous insect hormones involved in regulation of growth, development, reproduction and metabolism. But the signals for the initiation or termination of controlled events remained largely unknown. ILPs were first identified from the silkmoth Bombyx mori and were named bombyxins, but related peptides were soon found in numerous species and their functions elucidated. The insulin signalling pathway is now recognized as a central factor in the timing of cell proliferation, growth, longevity, reproduction, and reproductive diapause, as well as social behaviour. Recent work has revealed that the insulin signalling pathway is closely integrated with that of various other hormones, including ecdysteroids, the juvenile hormones and neuropeptide(s) such a prothoracicotropic hormone. In addition, the pathway is also linked with both circadian (daily) and photoperiodic (seasonal) clocks potentially providing a basis for its timing function. This Research Topic aims to provide the only current collection of recent advances on insect ILPs.

Physiology. --- Animal Biochemistry --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- insulin-like proteins --- timekeeping --- interactions of signaling pathways --- nutrition and metabolism --- Growth and Development --- insulin-like proteins --- timekeeping --- interactions of signaling pathways --- nutrition and metabolism --- Growth and Development

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The new millennium has seen a major paradigm shift in insect endocrinology. Great advancements are being made which establish that nutrition and growth play a central role in diverse cellular and physiological phenomena during insect development and reproduction. Nutrition affects rates of growth and is mainly regulated by the function of the pathway of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling. This pathway is highly conserved across species and ultimately regulates rates of cell growth and proliferation in growing organs. Insulin and insulin-like peptides (ILPs) are some of the best studied hormones in the animal kingdom and all share a common structural motif and initiate a wide range of closely similar physiological processes in higher organisms. In insects, nutrition, via circulating sugar, promotes release of ILPs from brain neurosecretory cells into the haemolymph, which act on peripheral tissues and stimulate protein synthesis and cell growth. Therefore, insect ILPs are common mediators between nutrition and growth in insects and are functionally analogous to mammalian insulin. The 1980s and 1990s witnessed great progress in elucidation of the physiological and molecular mechanism of action of numerous insect hormones involved in regulation of growth, development, reproduction and metabolism. But the signals for the initiation or termination of controlled events remained largely unknown. ILPs were first identified from the silkmoth Bombyx mori and were named bombyxins, but related peptides were soon found in numerous species and their functions elucidated. The insulin signalling pathway is now recognized as a central factor in the timing of cell proliferation, growth, longevity, reproduction, and reproductive diapause, as well as social behaviour. Recent work has revealed that the insulin signalling pathway is closely integrated with that of various other hormones, including ecdysteroids, the juvenile hormones and neuropeptide(s) such a prothoracicotropic hormone. In addition, the pathway is also linked with both circadian (daily) and photoperiodic (seasonal) clocks potentially providing a basis for its timing function. This Research Topic aims to provide the only current collection of recent advances on insect ILPs.

Physiology. --- Animal Biochemistry --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- insulin-like proteins --- timekeeping --- interactions of signaling pathways --- nutrition and metabolism --- Growth and Development

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Eye Infections --- Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological --- Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures --- Eye Diseases --- Eye --- Oeil --- Oeil --- Oeil --- Oeil --- veterinary. --- veterinary. --- veterinary. --- veterinary. --- growth and development. --- Infections --- Chez les animaux. --- Maladies --- Chez les animaux. --- Maladies -- Diagnostic. --- Chirurgie --- Chez les animaux.

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The development of the brain and nervous system is shaped not just by a genetic program, but also by the effects of multiple environmental stimuli. There are currently no book-length treatments of perinatal neurodevelopment. This book fills this gap by presenting a collection of chapters from leading experts in the field. It is comprehensive and covers all aspects of neurodevelopmental programming in lab animals and in human subjects. The third section of the book looks at ways of translating insights we have garnered from animal studies to human and clinical studies. This book is beneficial for basic researchers interested in the effects of perinatal imprinting on the development of the nervous system and associated diseases.

Biomedicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurology. --- Medicine. --- Médecine --- Neurosciences --- Neurologie --- Fetal brain -- Abnormalities. --- Maternal-fetal exchange. --- Developmental neurobiology --- Fetal brain --- Brain --- Newborn infants --- Physiological Processes --- Central Nervous System --- Infant --- Embryonic and Fetal Development --- Prenatal Injuries --- Physiological Phenomena --- Pregnancy Complications --- Reproduction --- Morphogenesis --- Age Groups --- Nervous System --- Persons --- Reproductive Physiological Processes --- Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications --- Phenomena and Processes --- Anatomy --- Named Groups --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomena --- Diseases --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena --- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects --- Fetal Development --- Infant, Newborn --- Growth and Development --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Growth --- Development --- Developmental neurobiology. --- Growth. --- Developmental neurology --- Neurogenesis --- Developmental biology --- Embryology --- Neurobiology --- Nervous system --- Neuroplasticity --- Evolution --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Neurology .