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Uzbekistan is the world's fifth-largest producer and second-largest exporter of cotton in the world, and unlike other countries where child labor is common, it is Uzbekistan's official policy to employ children. This book discusses the use of child labor in cotton cultivation in Uzbekistan following the fall of the Soviet Union, drawing on extensive field investigations and in-depth interviews with human rights activists, government officials, and social workers.

Cotton growing --- Cotton farmers --- Child labor

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This paper investigates the causal impact of the change in Brazil's child labor law of December 1998. The change increased the minimum legal age of entry into the labor force from 14 to 16 years. The analysis uses a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the impact of this change in the law on labor force participation rates as a whole, as well as for the formal and informal sectors separately. The results show that the ban reduced participation rates for boys by 4 percentage points and that this effect was mostly driven by the informal sector. No effect is found for girls.

Child labor --- Child labor ban --- Children and youth --- Labor markets --- Labor policies --- Participation rates --- Social development --- Social protections and labor --- Street children --- Treatment effects --- Urban development --- Youth & governance

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Eliminating child labour, while a key policy goal in itself, is also a necessary starting point for achieving decent work for all. This second World Report on Child Labour highlights the close linkages between child labour and good youth employment outcomes, and the consequent need for unified policy approaches. The report presents empirical evidence of how child labour combined with limited education can lead to increased youth vulnerability and greater difficulties for young people in transiting to good jobs. This evidence integrates results from the ILO's School-to-Work Transition Survey, a

Child labor --- Forced labor (International law) --- Child welfare. --- Law and legislation.

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People today are living longer than ever before, while birth rates are dropping in the majority of OECD countries. Such demographics raise the question: are current public social expenditures adequate and sustainable? Older workers play a crucial role in the labour market. Now that legal retirement ages are rising, fewer older workers are retiring early, but at the same time those older workers who have lost their job after the age of 50 have tended to remain in long term unemployment. What can countries do to help? How can they give older people better work incentives and opportunities? These reports offer analysis and assessment on what the best policies are for fostering employability, job mobility and labour demand at an older age.

Employment --- Poland --- Older people --- Age and employment --- Government policy --- Employment and age --- Aged --- Aging people --- Elderly people --- Old people --- Older adults --- Older persons --- Senior citizens --- Seniors (Older people) --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Ability, Influence of age on --- Child labor --- Post-retirement employment --- Age groups --- Persons --- Gerontocracy --- Gerontology --- Old age

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Environmental and social responsibility is becoming more and more important in today's global economy. There are thousands of environmental and social codes and standards in the world today. The codes and standards define the rules and the objectives. But the challenge is in the implementation. An environmental and social management system (ESMS) helps companies to integrate the rules and objectives into core business operations, through a set of clearly defined, repeatable processes. This handbook is intended to be a practical guide to help companies develop and implement an (ESMS), which should help to improve overall operations. If a company has existing management systems for quality or health and safety, this handbook will help to expand them to include environmental and social performance.

Burns --- Business --- Child Labor --- Children --- Consultants --- Disabilities --- Disasters --- Environment --- Environmental Health --- General Manufacturing --- Global Economy --- Hazard Risk Management --- Health --- Hygiene --- Incentives --- Industry --- Injuries --- Innovation --- Insurance --- Internet --- Knowledge --- Labor Policies --- Management --- Measurement --- Minimum Wage --- Prevention --- Quality Control --- Skilled Workers --- Social Development --- Social Protections and Labor --- Social Risk Management --- Treatment --- Urban Development --- Violence --- Wages --- Waste --- Weight --- Work & Working Conditions --- Workers --- Working Hours