Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper examines the implications of the terms-of-trade theory for the determinants of outcomes arising under the enforcement provisions of international agreements. Like original trade agreement negotiations, the paper models formal trade dispute negotiations as potentially addressing the terms-of-trade externality problem that governments implement import protection above the globally efficient level so as to shift some of the policy's costs to trading partners. The approach is to extend earlier theoretical models of trade agreement accession negotiations to the setting of enforcement negotiations in order to guide the empirical assessment. The paper uses instrumental variables to estimate the model on trade volume outcomes from World Trade Organization (WTO) disputes over 1995-2009. The evidence is consistent with theoretical predictions that larger import volume outcomes are associated with products that have smaller increases in foreign exporter-received prices (terms-of-trade losses for the importer) as a result of the dispute, larger pre-dispute import volumes, larger import demand elasticities, and smaller foreign export supply elasticities. Dispute settlement outcome differences are also explained by variation in institutionally-motivated measures of retaliation capacity and the severity of the free-rider problem associated with foreign exporter concentration.

Dispute Settlement --- Economic Theory & Research --- Free Trade --- Terms of Trade --- Trade & Services --- Trade Agreements --- Trade Law --- Trade Policy --- WTO

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Suppose that when addressing the question of "what's left for the WTO?," tariff negotiators relied not on the agenda established in 2001 but instead on the terms-of-trade theory of trade agreements to identify negotiating priorities. This paper uses the lens of the terms-of-trade theory to investigate three areas in which it is frequently alleged that currently applied tariffs remain "too high"; the implication being that the WTO's job performance to date is incomplete. This includes applied tariffs for countries that are not members of the WTO, applied MFN tariffs for WTO members that are unbound, and applied MFN tariffs for WTO members set in the presence of large amounts of tariff binding overhang. These are almost exclusively the domain of developing countries' own trade policies and they are collectively important; 3.5 billion people currently live in countries in which the WTO has had minimal effect for one of these three reasons. This paper builds upon recent developments in the empirical literature to present evidence-some direct, some indirect-that sheds light on each area. It then identifies specific needs for additional research to clarify policy implications for the future role of the WTO in the ever-changing international trading system.

Binding overhang --- Developing countries --- Economic theory & research --- Free trade --- International economics & trade --- Law and development --- Macroeconomics and economic growth --- MFN --- Non-members --- Tariff bindings --- Tariff liberalization --- Trade & services --- Trade law --- World trade organization --- WTO

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

ADPIC (1994) --- Accord général sur les aspects des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (1994) --- Accord relatif aux aspects des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (1994) --- Accord sur les aspects des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (1994) --- Acuerdo sobre los aspectos de los derechos de propiedad intelectual relacionados con el comercio (1994) --- Agreement on TRIPs (1994) --- Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994) --- Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (1994) --- Guan mao zong xie ding yu mao yi you guan de zhi shi can quan xie ding (1994) --- Ittifaqiyat al-Jawanib al-Muttasilah bi-al-Tijarah min Huquq al-Milkiyah al-Fikriyah (1994) --- Overeenkomst Inzake de Handelsaspecten van de Intellectuele Eigendom (1994) --- Soglashenie po torgovym aspektam prav intellektual'noi sobstvennosti (1994) --- TRIPS-overeenkomst --- TRIPs --- TRIPs Agreement (1994) --- Trips-verdrag --- Uruguay Round (1987-1994) --- Uruguay Round Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994) --- Uruguay Round Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (1994) --- WTO Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (1994) --- Übereinkommen über handelsbezogene Aspekte der Rechte des geistigen Eigentums (1994) --- 334.81 --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie (WHO). Algemene overeenkomst voor handel en tarieven (GATT). --- Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights --- Accord sur les aspects des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce --- ADPIC --- Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization --- Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights --- Agreement on TRIPs --- Guan mao zong xie ding yu mao yi you guan de zhi shi can quan xie ding (1994 April 15) --- Ittifāqīyat al-Jawānib al-Muttaṣilah bi-al-Tijārah min Ḥuqūq al-Milkīyah al-Fikrīyah (1994 April 15) --- Soglashenie po torgovym aspektam prav intellektualʹnoĭ sobstvennosti --- TRIPs Agreement --- Uruguay Round Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights --- World Trade Organization-TRIPs Agreement --- WTO Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights --- WTO-TRIPs Agreement --- World Trade Organization --- Akkoorden --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie (WHO). Algemene overeenkomst voor handel en tarieven (GATT)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Cet ouvrage étudie la réaction d’un acteur majeur de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) à l’évolution du mécanisme de règlement des différends de cette organisation. L’Union européenne est l’un des participants les plus actifs au système de règlement des différends de l’OMC. Celui-ci n’a cessé, depuis ses quinze années de fonctionnement, de se juridictionnaliser au point d’être considéré aujourd’hui comme l’une des manifestations les plus emblématiques de la juridictionnalisation du droit international contemporain.Se pose dès lors la question de la contribution et de l’adaptation de l’Union européenne à cette évolution. La thèse tend à démontrer que l’Union européenne, dont l’attitude est guidée par la défense et la promotion de ses intérêts, a parfaitement pris la mesure de la juridictionnalisation du mécanisme de règlement des différends de l’OMC. Son système décisionnel a ainsi surmonté ses propres pesanteurs et fait preuve d’efficacité pour relever le défi de la participation à l’activité contentieuse de l’OMC. Parallèlement, l’Union sait aussi préserver l’autonomie de son ordre juridique en dépit des contraintes normatives renforcées qui dérivent de la juridictionnalisation. L’Union adapte enfin sa stratégie contentieuse aux évolutions et à la nature nouvelle du système, en tirant partie du phénomène de juridictionnalisation, tout en sachant en exploiter les limites.Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux praticiens en droit du commerce international ainsi qu’aux professeurs, chercheurs et universitaires

Law of civil procedure --- Economic law --- World Trade Organization --- European Union --- E-books --- Droit international économique. --- Politique agricole --- Judiciarisation. --- Règlement de conflits. --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Relations extérieures --- BPB1508 --- Règlement des différends --- Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Εμπορίου --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie --- Welthandelsorganisation --- Organizația Mondială a Comerțului --- Maailma Kaubandusorganisatsioon --- Organizata Botërore e Tregëtisë --- Organizzazione mondiale del commercio --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Светска трговинска организација --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Kereskedelmi Világszervezet --- Pasaulio prekybos organizacija --- Verdenshandelsorganisationen --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svjetska trgovinska organizacija --- Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Trádála --- Световна търговска организация --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācija --- l-OrganizzazzjoniDinjija tal-Kummerċ --- Светска трговска организација --- Världshandelsorganisationen --- World Trade Organisation --- Maailman kauppajärjestö --- Svetová obchodná organizácia --- Svetovna trgovinska organizacija --- EDT --- STO --- OBT --- PTO (starptautiskā tirdzniecība) --- СТО --- WTO (l-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tal-Kummerċ) --- Wereld-handelsorganisatie --- OMC --- Světová organizace obchodu --- WTO --- PPO --- ΠΟΕ --- riżoluzzjoni ta' tilwimiet --- διευθέτηση των διαφορών --- domstarpību izšķiršana --- решавање спорова --- riitojen ratkaiseminen --- regulowanie sporów --- composizione delle controversie --- settlement of disputes --- zgjidhje e mosmarrëveshjeve --- solución de conflictos --- ginčų sprendimas --- Beilegung der Streitigkeiten --- vaidluste lahendamine --- beslechting van geschillen --- řešení sporů --- bilæggelse af tvister --- reševanje sporov --- vitarendezés --- urovnávanie sporov --- решавање спорови --- soluționarea conflictelor --- rješavanje sporova --- tvistlösning --- уреждане на спорове --- resolução de diferendos --- διευθέτηση διενέξεων --- dispute settlement --- уреждане на конфликти --- arreglo de controversias --- konflikta atrisināšana --- soluzione dei conflitti --- mirovna pogajanja --- negocieri de pace --- reglementarea conflictelor --- mírová jednání --- selkkausten ratkaiseminen --- conflict resolution --- résolution des conflits --- resolução de conflitos --- konfliktlösning --- решавање спорови по вонсудски пат --- мировни преговори --- risoluzione delle controversie --- мирни преговори --- reševanje konfliktov --- mirovni pregovori --- vredesonderhandeling --- konfliktide lahendamine --- rešitev sporov --- konfliktbilæggelse --- fredsförhandlingar --- rozstrzyganie sporów --- miera sarunas --- tvistbilæggelse --- riżoluzzjoni ta' kunflitti --- mírové řešení sporů --- peace negotiations --- risoluzione dei conflitti --- resolución de litigios --- urovnávanie konfliktov --- Lösung der Konflikte --- разрешаване на конфликти --- решавање спорови по судски пат --- mírové urovnání sporů --- rahuläbirääkimised --- reglementarea diferendelor --- conflict settlement --- urovnání sporů --- negocjacje pokojowe --- решавање конфликти --- oplossing van conflicten --- mierové rokovania --- Friedensverhandlung --- negoziato di pace --- Beilegung der Konflikte --- rauhanneuvottelut --- konfliktusrendezés --- konfliktuskezelés --- konflikta izlīdzināšana --- béketárgyalások --- negozjati ta' paċi --- negociação de paz --- negociación de paz --- erimielisyyksien ratkaiseminen --- konfliktų sprendimas --- règlement des conflits --- taikos derybos --- επίλυση διαμάχης --- riešenie konfliktov --- ειρηνευτικές διαπραγματεύσεις --- zgjidhje e mosmarrëveshjes --- negociata për paqe --- fredsforhandling --- rozwiązywanie konfliktów --- zgjidhje e konfliktit --- négociation de paix --- European Union countries --- Union européenne --- Foreign economic relations --- Courts --- Judicial power --- International economic relations --- Jurisdiction --- International commercial arbitration --- Juridiction --- Arbitrage commercial international --- Relations économiques internationales --- Droit international économique --- European Union. --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Relations économiques extérieures --- EPUB-ALPHA-U EPUB-LIV-FT LIVDROIT STRADA-B --- World Trade Organization. --- An Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Trádála --- réiteach díospóidí --- Règlement des différends --- Droit international économique. --- Règlement de conflits. --- Relations extérieures --- Organisation mondiale du commerce -- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Droit commercial (droit international) --- Judiciarisation --- Droit international et droit interne -- Pays de l'Union européenne

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

What have WTO accessions contributed to the rules-based multilateral trading system? What demands have been made by original WTO members on acceding governments? How have the acceding governments fared? This volume of essays offers critical readings on how WTO accession negotiations have expanded the reach of the multilateral trading system not only geographically but also conceptually, clarifying disciplines and pointing the way to their further strengthening in future negotiations. Members who have acceded since the WTO was established now account for twenty per cent of total WTO membership. In the age of globalization there is an increased need for a universal system of trade rules. Accession negotiations have been used by governments as an instrument for domestic reforms, and one lesson from the accession process is that there are contexts which lead multilateral trade negotiations to successful outcomes even in the complex and multi-polar twenty-first century economic environment.

International economic relations. --- International trade. --- International economic relations --- International trade --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- Non-traded goods --- Case studies. --- World Trade Organization. --- Biśva Bāṇijya Saṃsthā --- Dėlkhiĭn Khudaldaany Baĭguullaga --- DTÖ --- Dünya Ticaret Örgütü --- Munaẓẓamat al-Tijārah al-ʻĀlamīyah --- O.M.C. --- OMC --- ʻOngkān Kānkhā Lōk --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Organización Mundial de Comercio --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Organizația Mondială de Comerț --- Organizzazione mondiale del commercio --- Organizzazione mondiale per il commercio --- Qaṅgkār Bāṇijjakamm Bibhab Lok --- Sāzmān-i Tijārat-i Jahānī --- Shi jie mao yi zu zhi --- SOT --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svitova orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ torhivli --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Tổ chức thương mại thế giới --- Viśva Vyapāra Saṅgaṭhana --- Vsemirnai︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- VTO --- W.T.O. --- Welthandelsorganisation --- World Trade Organisation --- WTO --- منظمة التجارة العالمية --- 世界貿易組織 --- 世界贸易组织 --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) --- World Trade Organization --- Case studies --- International economic relations - Case studies --- International trade - Case studies