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Dans l'enfance, 1à 8 % des enfants développent une infection urinaire haute ou basse. (1, 2) Ces Infections sont 3 à 4 fois plus fréquentes chez les filles. La stase urinaire, favorisée par le reflux vésico-urétéral mais aussi par l'instabilité vésicale ou la vessie neurologique, est le premier facteur de risque de ces infections. (1-3) Les symptômes urinaires observés peuvent varier selon l'âge de l'enfant : fièvre (une température rectale ≥ 38.5°C), altération de l'état général, douleurs dorsales ainsi que des signes digestifs (inappétence ou des vomissements). En marge de ces signes et symptômes aspécifiques, les signes biologiques telles qu'une CRP ≥4 mg/dl et/ou une leucocytose >15 OOO/ mm3 peuvent être mises en évidence. (3) Le diagnostic d'infection urinaire nécessite une culture urinaire positive. (4-6) Escherichia coli est l'agent causal rapporté dans 80% des infections urinaires chez l'enfant . (2, 3)L'objectif de ce mémoire est double : d'une part décrire l'épidémiologie et le profil de résistance des germes rencontrés dans les infect ions urinaires des nourrissons de moins de 3 mois; d'autre part, analyser si le traitement empirique actuel utilisé aux Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc est bien adapté à ce type d'épidémiologie. Pour y répondre, nous avons réalisé une étude descriptiverétrospective janvier 2011 - janvier 2014) sur les infect ions urinaires des nourrissons de 0 à 3 mois aux Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc. Parmi les 221 enfants ayant eu un prélèvement urinaire positif, 53% (n=117) ont été considérés comme infectés. Les symptômes et signes retrouvés chez les enfants infectés sont la fièvre (29%), les vomissements (13.7%) et l'irritabilité (32.5%). f. coli est l'agent causal majoritaire retrouvé dans 77.9%. E. coli est résistant à l'ampicilline dans 51.9% des cas, à l'amoxicilline-clavulanate dans 42% des cas, au cotrimoxazole dans 21.3% des cas et à la cétazoline dans 63% des cas. Chez 9 enfants infectés (7.7%), on a cultivé une entérobactérie productrice de bêtalacamases à spectre étendu (BLSE) : E. coli (7 cas), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae) (1cas), Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) (1 cas). Aucune résistance n'a été trouvée pour la témocilline. Vu les résistances rencontrées, le traitement empirique utilisé aux Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc n'a pas lie u d'êt re modifié. Ce dern ier comprend l'association d'une aminopénicilline et d'une céphalosporine de 3ème génération (26.2%) (n=22) ou l'association d'une aminopénicilline avec de l'amukin (22.6%) (n=19). Dans la population des non infections urinaires, 27% ont reçu une antibiothérapie pour d'autres causes d'infections. Dans le bilan d'infection urinaire,25 ponctions lombaires ont été réalisées dont une était positive. During childhood, 1to 8% of children develop lower or higher urinary tract infection(UTI). UTI occur 3 to 4 times more frequently in girls than boys. Prolonged urinary retention is the main risk factor for UTI and is mainly caused by vesicoureteral reflux, bladder instability or neurological bladder disorders. (1-3) Symptoms and signs vary with the child's age: fever (rectal temperature ≥:38.5 °C), poor general state, back pain as well as gastro-intestinal complaints such as anorexia and vomiting. Accompanying these unspecific symptoms and signs are biological signs like elevated CRP (?:4 mg/dl) and/or leucocytosis (white cell count ?:15000/mm3 . (3) The diagnosis of UTI is defined by a positive urine culture. (4-6) E. coli is the main cause of infection, found in 80% of pediatric UTls. (2,3)Objective: The scope of this study is double: first to describe the epidemiology and resistance profile of bacteria involved in UTls, and second to analyze whether or not the empirical treatment currently in use at St-Luc University Hospital well suited to the prevalent infectious agents. To answer these questions, we have carried out a retrospective study (January 2011 - January 2014) on UTls in newborns (0 to 3 months old) at St-Luc University Hospital.Results: Among the 221 children with a positive urine culture, 53% (n= l7) were considered infected. Symptoms among the infected included fever (29%), vomiting (13.7%), and irritability (32.5%). E. Coli was the main cause of infection, found in 77.9% of cases. lt was resistant to ampicilline in 51.9% of cases, to amoxicilline-clavulanate in 42%, to cotrimoxazole in 21.3% and to cefazoline in 63%. Nine children (7.7%) were infected by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteria (ESBL): 7 cases E. coti, 1case Kfebsieffa pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae) and 1 case Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae). No resistance to temocilline was found. Based on these findings, empirical antibiotic treatment for pediatric UTI at St-Luc University Hospital should not be modified. This treatment is an association of on aminopenicillin and one 3th generation cephalosporin (26.2%) (n=22) vs. an association of on aminopenicillin and amukin (22.6%) (n=19). ln the population of non UTI, 27% received an antibiotherapy for other types of infections. ln the work up of UTI, 25 lumbar punctures were realized, one of then was positive.
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Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequently occurring infections, not only community acquired, but also hospital acquired infections. An increase of resistant uropathogens against commonly used antibiotics can be observed worldwide, a subject of great concern.Several strategies are discussed how to cope with this problem:i) not to use antibiotics, when not indicated, e.g. asymptomatic bacteriuria, or when non-antimicrobial measures are available, e.g. for prophylaxis of recurrent UTI;ii) to prefer even old antibiotics, which still have preserved their antibacterial activity against uropathogens;iii) if broad spectrum antibiotics are needed for empiric therapy of severe infections, to use the right and high enough dosages to reduce selection of resistant pathogens, and to step down to a more tailored antibiotic therapy as soon as possible;iv) to control and try to avoid health care associated UTI by optimal hygienic and interventional strategies; and last but not leastv) to stimulate development of new antibiotics, especially when new bacterial targets can be approached.
Epidemiology. --- Urinary tract infections. --- Urinary tract infections --- Urinary Tract Infections --- Anti-Bacterial Agents --- Treatment. --- drug therapy. --- therapeutic use..
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Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequently occurring infections, not only community acquired, but also hospital acquired infections. An increase of resistant uropathogens against commonly used antibiotics can be observed worldwide, a subject of great concern.Several strategies are discussed how to cope with this problem:i) not to use antibiotics, when not indicated, e.g. asymptomatic bacteriuria, or when non-antimicrobial measures are available, e.g. for prophylaxis of recurrent UTI;ii) to prefer even old antibiotics, which still have preserved their antibacterial activity against uropathogens;iii) if broad spectrum antibiotics are needed for empiric therapy of severe infections, to use the right and high enough dosages to reduce selection of resistant pathogens, and to step down to a more tailored antibiotic therapy as soon as possible;iv) to control and try to avoid health care associated UTI by optimal hygienic and interventional strategies; and last but not leastv) to stimulate development of new antibiotics, especially when new bacterial targets can be approached.
Epidemiology. --- Urinary tract infections. --- Urinary tract infections --- Urinary Tract Infections --- Anti-Bacterial Agents --- Treatment. --- drug therapy. --- therapeutic use..
Choose an application
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequently occurring infections, not only community acquired, but also hospital acquired infections. An increase of resistant uropathogens against commonly used antibiotics can be observed worldwide, a subject of great concern.Several strategies are discussed how to cope with this problem:i) not to use antibiotics, when not indicated, e.g. asymptomatic bacteriuria, or when non-antimicrobial measures are available, e.g. for prophylaxis of recurrent UTI;ii) to prefer even old antibiotics, which still have preserved their antibacterial activity against uropathogens;iii) if broad spectrum antibiotics are needed for empiric therapy of severe infections, to use the right and high enough dosages to reduce selection of resistant pathogens, and to step down to a more tailored antibiotic therapy as soon as possible;iv) to control and try to avoid health care associated UTI by optimal hygienic and interventional strategies; and last but not leastv) to stimulate development of new antibiotics, especially when new bacterial targets can be approached.
Epidemiology. --- Urinary tract infections. --- Urinary tract infections --- Urinary Tract Infections --- Anti-Bacterial Agents --- Treatment. --- drug therapy. --- therapeutic use..
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