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This topical volume on ""Recent Developments of Diffusion Processes and their Applications: Fluid, Heat and Mass"" addresses diffusion in a wider sense with a special focus on technical applications. Diffusion phenomena play an important role in the development of modern engineering materials and related fields. Understanding these different transport phenomena at many levels, from atomistic to macro, has therefore long attracted the attention of many researchers in materials science and engineering and related disciplines. The present topical volume captures a representative cross-section of
Diffusion. --- Diffusion processes. --- Markov processes --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Diffusion --- Properties
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Collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the International Conference on Diffusion in Materials (DIMAT 2014), August 17-22, 2014, Münster, Germany. The 34 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Reactions and Interdiffusion in Binary and Multicomponent Systems; Chapter 2: Ion Transport; Chapter 3: Defects, Stresses and Relaxation; Chapter 4: Short-Circuit Diffusion; Chapter 5: Diffusion Phenomena under Strong Gravitation; Chapter 6: Diffusion-Related Phenomena; Chapter 7: Advanced Methods of Diffusion Measurement Editors Divinski, Bracht, and Stolwijk present students, academics, re
Diffusion --- Diffusion. --- Materials --- Materials. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Properties
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This book gives an overview of atomic diffusion, a fundamental physical process, as applied to all types of stars, from the main sequence to neutron stars. The superficial abundances of stars as well as their evolution can be significantly affected. The authors show where atomic diffusion plays an essential role and how it can be implemented in modelling. In Part I, the authors describe the tools that are required to include atomic diffusion in models of stellar interiors and atmospheres. An important role is played by the gradient of partial radiative pressure, or radiative acceleration, which is usually neglected in stellar evolution. In Part II, the authors systematically review the contribution of atomic diffusion to each evolutionary step. The dominant effects of atomic diffusion are accompanied by more subtle effects on a large number of structural properties throughout evolution. One of the goals of this book is to provide the means for the astrophysicist or graduate student to evaluate the importance of atomic diffusion in a given star.
Astrophysics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics. --- Nuclear physics. --- Diffusion. --- Gases --- Liquids --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Astronomical physics --- Diffusion --- Physics. --- Cosmology. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- Physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Properties --- Deism --- Metaphysics
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In this thesis, the pseudogap and the precursor superconducting state, which are of great importance in clarifying the superconductivity mechanism in high-temperature cuprate superconductors, are investigated with a c-axis optical study in YBa2(Cu1-xZnx)3Oy. Testing was performed over a wide energy range with smaller temperature intervals for several Zn-substituted samples, as well as for several carrier-doping levels. A spectral weight (SW) analysis, in which the pseudogap behavior can be separated from the superconducting condensate with the SW transfer to the high-energy region, revealed that the pseudogap is not the precursor of the superconductivity (carriers moving to the high-energy region with pseudogap opening never contribute to the superconducting condensation). Moreover, the high-energy transfer continues even below Tc for the Zn-substituted samples (in which we weaken the superconductivity), which gives evidence to the coexistence of the pseudogap and the superconducting gap below Tc. On the other hand, the analysis of optical conductivity revealed that a precursor state to superconductivity can be defined at temperatures much higher than Tc. The superconducting carrier density (ns) was calculated for each temperature (above and below Tc) and the results confirmed the existence of ns at temperatures above Tc. The observed real superconducting condensate (ns) above Tc puts a serious constraint on the theory for high- Tc superconductivity. A theory based on an inhomogeneous superconducting state, in which a microscopically phase-separated state in a doped Mott insulator can be observed, is the most plausible candidate. This theory can explain the existence of ns and the observed temperature range for the precursor superconducting state. The results obtained show that the pseudogap coexists with superconductivity below Tc and is not the precursor of superconductivity. On the other hand, it is also possible to define a precursor superconducting state that is different than the pseudogap. The temperature range and the observed superconducting condensate in this state can be explained with the help of the inhomogeneous superconducting state.
Physics. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Solid State Physics. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Magnetism. --- Physique --- Physique mathématique --- Magnétisme --- High temperature superconductivity. --- Semiconductor doping. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- High critical temperature superconductivity --- High Tc superconductivity --- Doping of semiconductors --- Solid state physics. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Magnetic materials. --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Diffusion --- Doped semiconductors --- Semiconductors --- Superconductivity --- Defects --- Physical mathematics --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Mathematics --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Solids --- Materials --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold
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This textbook presents problems and exercises at various levels of difficulty in the following areas: Classical Methods in PDEs (diffusion, waves, transport, potential equations); Basic Functional Analysis and Distribution Theory; Variational Formulation of Elliptic Problems; and Weak Formulation for Parabolic Problems and for the Wave Equation. Thanks to the broad variety of exercises with complete solutions, it can be used in all basic and advanced PDE courses.
Mathematics. --- Functional Analysis. --- Partial Differential Equations. --- Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences. --- Mathematical Physics. --- Functional analysis. --- Differential equations, partial. --- Mathématiques --- Analyse fonctionnelle --- Differential equations, Partial --- Differential equations, Elliptic --- Boundary value problems --- Geometry, Differential --- Functions --- Diffusion --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Calculus --- Numerical solutions --- Gases --- Liquids --- Analysis (Mathematics) --- Differential geometry --- Boundary conditions (Differential equations) --- Elliptic differential equations --- Elliptic partial differential equations --- Linear elliptic differential equations --- Partial differential equations --- Partial differential equations. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Functional calculus --- Calculus of variations --- Functional equations --- Integral equations --- Math --- Science --- Boundary value problems. --- Differential equations, Elliptic. --- Differential equations, Partial. --- Diffusion. --- Geometry, Differential. --- Functions. --- Numerical solutions. --- Numerical analysis --- Differential equations --- Mathematical analysis --- Numbers, Complex --- Set theory --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Differential equations, Linear --- Functions of complex variables --- Mathematical physics --- Initial value problems --- Properties
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