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Derivatives markets are an important and growing segment of financial markets and play an important role in the management of risk. This invaluable set of lecture notes is meant to be used in conjunction with a standard textbook on derivatives in an advanced undergraduate or MBA elective course on futures, forwards, swaps, options, corporate securities and credit default swaps. It covers the foundations of derivatives pricing in arbitrage-free markets, develops the methodology of risk-neutral valuation as well as discusses hedging and the management of risk.

Derivative securities. --- Options (Finance) --- Swaps (Finance)

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Swaps (Finance) --- Futures market --- Government policy --- United States.

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Swaps (Finance) --- Securities industry --- Clearing of securities. --- Indemnity against liability --- Law and legislation --- Information services

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This Selected Issues paper examines infrastructure investment in Brazil. Brazil has inferior overall infrastructure quality relative to almost all its export competitors. Brazil’s infrastructure endowment ranks low by international standards, and its low quality affects productivity, market efficiency, and competitiveness. Areas in which Brazil’s competitiveness has lagged include, but are not limited to, education, innovation, governance, and justice. Brazil’s infrastructure gap has become a major obstacle to growth and filling this gap will entail increasing investment and also stepping up other reforms.

Consumer credit -- Brazil. --- Defined benefit pension plans -- Brazil -- Costs. --- Defined benefit pension plans -- Brazil. --- Economic development -- Brazil. --- Foreign exchange rates -- Brazil. --- International Monetary Fund -- Brazil. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Infrastructure --- Labor --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Labour --- income economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Minimum wages --- Currency swaps --- Wage adjustments --- Yield curve --- National accounts --- Financial services --- Minimum wage --- Saving and investment --- Wages --- Interest rates --- Brazil --- Income economics