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This book covers structure, function, and important roles of the SH domains, structure-function relationships, the versatile nature of their action, mechanisms of aggregation, specificity of interactions, impact of mutations on protein functional dysregulation, and cell signaling. Their involvement in various cellular processes such as migration, invasiveness, actin reorganization, shaping spines, determination of the morphology assembly of fibrils, and mechanotransduction makes these molecules attractive drug targets. Substrates, inhibitors and activators of PTKs present a wide variety of therapeutic agents in the context of delivering treatments for numerous pathologies. The new emerging field of stem cell therapies and design of biomaterials for treatments relies on the directed regulation of stem cell growth, differentiation and morphology, as well as the production of biomimetic scaffolds that respond to programmed signals. Advances in deciphering the mechanisms of action of these important molecules will lead to the implementation and success of their vital applications.

Life Sciences. --- Protein Science. --- Protein Structure. --- Protein-Ligand Interactions. --- Cell Biology. --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- RNA-ligand interactions. --- Cytology. --- Sciences de la vie --- Biochimie --- Cytologie --- Amino acids. --- Protein-tyrosine kinase. --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biochemistry --- Hydroxyaryl-protein kinase --- Tyrosine kinase --- Tyrosine protein kinase --- Tyrosine-specific protein kinase --- Tyrosylprotein kinase --- Proteins. --- Cell biology. --- Amino compounds --- Organic acids --- Peptides --- Protein kinases --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Proteins . --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics

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The field of protein kinases has greatly impacted our understanding of the basic mechanisms in cell function. The field has also been a major focus of drug development that considers the broad reach of the protein kinase function under diverse conditions. One member of the kinome, protein kinase CK2, continues to emerge as a major signaling molecule involved in diverse functions in health and disease. This kinase has unique features, most notably its ubiquitous and highly conserved nature. Its vast number of potential substrates exemplifies its involvement in various functions in cells under both the normal and diseased states. Of particular note is the observation that due to its ubiquitous nature, CK2 has been found to be dysregulated in all cancers that have been examined. As such, it is now being considered a potentially important target for cancer therapy. Protein Kinase CK2 plays equally important functions in development and intracellular activities, and has a global impact on cell growth and proliferation. An additional key function of CK2 is the impact of its activity on cell death processes. Given the vast nature of its functions, CK2 has been proposed to serve as a “master regulator” of cell function. The chapters included in this work cover a wide range of topics dealing with some of the functions mentioned above, providing an important starting point for research investigators and graduate students interested in this field.

Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Protein Science. --- Apoptosis. --- Medicine. --- Oncology. --- Biochemistry. --- Cytology. --- Médecine --- Cancérologie --- Biochimie --- Cytologie --- Cancer -- Chemotherapy. --- Mouse leukemia complex -- Chemotherapy. --- Protein kinase CK2. --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Casein kinase 2 --- Casein kinase II --- Protein kinase CKII --- Cancer research. --- Proteins. --- Protein kinases --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Tumors --- Composition --- Proteins . --- Cell death --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Cancer research

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This volume contains a collection of writings from the leaders in the fields of Molecular Biology and Melanoma Research which will begin to tell the ever-expanding story of the most recent findings, discoveries, and potential of BRAF-directed targets in melanoma. Recent research has shown that BRAF inhibitors are effective for a short period of time, but there is little hope that these drugs as single agents will lead to durable benefit in a majority of patients. Among scientists and researchers who work in drug discovery, there is a lot of interest in the development of molecularly targeted cancer agents. Namely, the identification of a molecular target, the selection of molecules which effectively inhibit this target. What is starkly different about the development of this class of compounds, however, is that the mechanism of action of these agents are not as straightforward as was once previously assumed and the mechanisms of resistance that tumor cells employ to evade complete destruction are unlike any that have been described before. These discoveries in addition to utilization of modern molecular biology techniques have led to a series of hypotheses regarding which other types of molecules could be used in combination with BRAF-inhibitors in hopes of revolutionizing the potential of therapeutics in melanoma.

Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Medicine. --- Oncology. --- Microbiology. --- Toxicology. --- Médecine --- Cancérologie --- Microbiologie --- Toxicologie --- Melanoma --- raf Kinases --- Enzyme Inhibitors --- Therapeutics --- Neuroendocrine Tumors --- Nevi and Melanomas --- Biology --- Investigative Techniques --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Proto-Oncogene Proteins --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Neuroectodermal Tumors --- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases --- Neoplasms by Histologic Type --- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins --- Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases --- Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue --- Oncogene Proteins --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Neoplasms --- Protein Kinases --- Neoplasm Proteins --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Diseases --- Peptides --- Proteins --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) --- Phosphotransferases --- Transferases --- Enzymes --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Molecular Targeted Therapy --- Drug Therapy --- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf --- Genetics --- Protein Kinase Inhibitors --- Methods --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Drug delivery systems. --- Treatment. --- Delivery systems, Drug --- Drug administration technology --- Drug delivery technology --- Drugs --- Malignant melanoma --- Melanocytic tumor --- Delivery systems --- Cancer research. --- Medical microbiology. --- Molecular biology. --- Pharmacology. --- Pharmaceutical technology --- Cancer --- Neuroendocrine tumors --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Tumors --- Toxicology --- Health Workforce --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacy --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Cancer research --- Physiological effect