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How human communities interpret what they perceive in the sky is vital in fulfilling humankind’s most basic need to comprehend the universe it inhabits, both from a modern scientific perspective and from countless other cultural standpoints, extending right back to early prehistory. Archaeoastronomy, which is concerned with cultural perceptions and understandings of astronomical phenomena, is a rich cross-disciplinary field. The central aim of “Handbook of Archaeoastronomy” is to provide a reliable source for theory, method, interpretation and best practices that will give a definitive picture of the state of the art research in this field for serious scholars regardless of the discipline(s) in which they are qualified. It will be equally suitable for those already contributing to the field and those interested in entering it. Also included are studies in ethnoastronomy, which is concerned with contemporary practices related to astronomy, particularly among modern indigenous societies. A major part of this MRW is comprised of a set of wide-ranging archaeoastronomical case studies both geographically and through time, stretching right back to Palaeolithic days, and also in terms of the types of human society and nature of their astronomical ideas and practices. However, these are chosen in order to best illuminate broader issues and themes, rather than to attempt, for example, to provide systematic coverage of recent ‘discoveries.’ Thematic articles cover general themes such as cosmologies, calendars, navigation, orientations and alignments, and ancient perceptions of space and time. They also highlight various aspects of the social context of astronomy (its relationship to social power, warfare, etc) and how we interpret astronomical practices within the framework of conceptual approaches. There are also discussions of broad issues such as ethnocentrism, nationalism, and astronomical dating. The “methods and practices” articles cover topics from field methodology and survey procedures to social theory, as well as providing broad definitions and explanations of key concepts. We are also including a number of “disciplinary perspectives” on approaches to archaeoastronomy written by leading figures in the constituent fields. These articles cover material that, generally speaking, would be familiar to graduates in the relevant discipline but, critically, not so to those with different backgrounds.
Physics. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Archaeology. --- Regional and Cultural Studies. --- Human Geography. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Astronomy. --- Regional planning. --- Physique --- Astronomie --- Aménagement du territoire --- Archéologie --- Archaeoastronomy --- Ethnoastronomy --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astronomy - General --- Astrophysics --- Cultural astronomy --- Folk astronomy --- Indigenous peoples --- Native astronomy --- Archeoastronomy --- Astroarchaeology --- Astronomy, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric astronomy --- Astronomy --- Culture --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmology. --- Human geography. --- Study and teaching. --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Archeology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Physical sciences --- Space sciences --- Cultural studies --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Dynamics --- Culture-Study and teaching. --- Culture—Study and teaching. --- Ethnology. --- Culture. --- Astronomy, Cosmology and Space Sciences. --- Regional Cultural Studies. --- Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy. --- Philosophy. --- Cultural sociology --- Sociology of culture --- Civilization --- Popular culture --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Human beings --- Social aspects
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Hermann Haken (born 1927) is one of the “fathers” of the quantum-mechanical laser theory, formulated between 1962 and 1966, in strong competition with American researchers. Later on, he created Synergetics, the science of cooperation in multicomponent systems. The book concentrates on the development of his scientific work during the first thirty-five years of his career. In 1970 he and his doctoral student Robert Graham were able to show that the laser is an example of a nonlinear system far from thermal equilibrium that shows a phase-transition like behavior. Subsequently, this insight opened the way for the formulation of Synergetics. Synergetics is able to explain, how very large systems show the phenomenon of self-organization that can be mathematically described by only very few order parameters. The results of Haken’s research were published in two seminal books Synergetics (1977) and Advanced Synergetics (1983). After the year 1985 Haken concentrated his research on the macroscopic foundation of Synergetics. This led him towards the application of synergetic principles in medicine, cognitive research and, finally, in psychology. A comprehensive bibliography of Hermann Haken’s publications (nearly 600 numbers) is included in the book. .
Engineering. --- Complexity. --- Nonlinear Dynamics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- History of Science. --- Science --- Physics. --- Ingénierie --- Sciences --- Physique --- History. --- Histoire --- Science_xHistory. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Synergetics. --- Statistical physics. --- Complexity, Computational. --- System theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos Theory. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Computational complexity. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Statistical methods --- Dynamics. --- Nonlinear theories. --- Nonlinear Optics. --- Physics—Philosophy. --- Science—History. --- Applied Dynamical Systems. --- Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy. --- Optics, Nonlinear --- Optics --- Lasers --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Statics --- Nonlinear problems --- Nonlinearity (Mathematics) --- Calculus --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical physics
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